formatted for code readability

src/registrar/admin.py

@@ -1393,6 +1393,7 @@ class UserDomainRoleAdmin(ListHeaderAdmin, ImportExportModelAdmin):
 
         return super().changeform_view(request, object_id, form_url, extra_context=extra_context)
 
+
 class BaseInvitationAdmin(ListHeaderAdmin):
     """Base class for admin classes which will customize save_model and send email invitations
     on model adds, and require custom handling of forms and form errors."""
@@ -1542,6 +1543,7 @@ class DomainInvitationAdmin(BaseInvitationAdmin):
                         portfolio=domain_org,
                         roles=[UserPortfolioRoleChoices.ORGANIZATION_MEMBER],
                     )
+                    # if user exists for email, immediately retrieve portfolio invitation upon creation
                     if requested_user is not None:
                         portfolio_invitation.retrieve()
                         portfolio_invitation.save()
@@ -1552,7 +1554,7 @@ class DomainInvitationAdmin(BaseInvitationAdmin):
                     requestor=requestor,
                     domains=domain,
                     is_member_of_different_org=member_of_a_different_org,
-                    requested_user=requested_user
+                    requested_user=requested_user,
                 )
                 if requested_user is not None:
                     # Domain Invitation creation for an existing User
@@ -1639,6 +1641,7 @@ class PortfolioInvitationAdmin(BaseInvitationAdmin):
                 if not permission_exists:
                     # if permission does not exist for a user with requested_email, send email
                     send_portfolio_invitation_email(email=requested_email, requestor=requestor, portfolio=portfolio)
+                    # if user exists for email, immediately retrieve portfolio invitation upon creation
                     if requested_user is not None:
                         obj.retrieve()
                     messages.success(request, f"{requested_email} has been invited.")

src/registrar/utility/email_invitations.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from django.conf import settings
 from registrar.models import DomainInvitation
 from registrar.models.domain import Domain
-from registrar.models.user import User
 from registrar.utility.errors import (
     AlreadyDomainInvitedError,
     AlreadyDomainManagerError,
@@ -15,12 +14,12 @@ import logging
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-def send_domain_invitation_email(email: str, requestor, domains: Domain | list[Domain], is_member_of_different_org, requested_user=None):
+def send_domain_invitation_email(
+    email: str, requestor, domains: Domain | list[Domain], is_member_of_different_org, requested_user=None
+):
     """
     Sends a domain invitation email to the specified address.
 
-    Raises exceptions for validation or email-sending issues.
-
     Args:
         email (str): Email address of the recipient.
         requestor (User): The user initiating the invitation.
@@ -35,32 +34,51 @@ def send_domain_invitation_email(email: str, requestor, domains: Domain | list[D
         OutsideOrgMemberError: If the requested_user is part of a different organization.
         EmailSendingError: If there is an error while sending the email.
     """
-    # Normalize domains
-    if isinstance(domains, Domain):
-        domains = [domains]
+    domains = normalize_domains(domains)
+    requestor_email = get_requestor_email(requestor, domains)
 
-    # Default email address for staff
-    requestor_email = settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
+    validate_invitation(email, domains, requestor, is_member_of_different_org)
+
+    send_invitation_email(email, requestor_email, domains, requested_user)
+
+
+def normalize_domains(domains):
+    """Ensures domains is always a list."""
+    return [domains] if isinstance(domains, Domain) else domains
+
+
+def get_requestor_email(requestor, domains):
+    """Get the requestor's email or raise an error if it's missing."""
+    if requestor.is_staff:
+        return settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL
 
-    # Check if the requestor is staff and has an email
-    if not requestor.is_staff:
     if not requestor.email or requestor.email.strip() == "":
         domain_names = ", ".join([domain.name for domain in domains])
-            raise MissingEmailError(email=email, domain=domain_names)
-        else:
-            requestor_email = requestor.email
+        raise MissingEmailError(email=requestor.email, domain=domain_names)
 
-    # Check if the recipient is part of a different organization
-    # COMMENT: this does not account for multiple_portfolios flag being active
+    return requestor.email
+
+
+def validate_invitation(email, domains, requestor, is_member_of_different_org):
+    """Validate the invitation conditions."""
+    check_outside_org_membership(email, requestor, is_member_of_different_org)
+
+    for domain in domains:
+        validate_existing_invitation(email, domain)
+
+
+def check_outside_org_membership(email, requestor, is_member_of_different_org):
+    """Raise an error if the email belongs to a different organization."""
     if (
         flag_is_active_for_user(requestor, "organization_feature")
         and not flag_is_active_for_user(requestor, "multiple_portfolios")
         and is_member_of_different_org
     ):
-        raise OutsideOrgMemberError
+        raise OutsideOrgMemberError(email=email)
 
-    # Check for an existing invitation for each domain
-    for domain in domains:
+
+def validate_existing_invitation(email, domain):
+    """Check for existing invitations and handle their status."""
     try:
         invite = DomainInvitation.objects.get(email=email, domain=domain)
         if invite.status == DomainInvitation.DomainInvitationStatus.RETRIEVED:
@@ -73,7 +91,9 @@ def send_domain_invitation_email(email: str, requestor, domains: Domain | list[D
     except DomainInvitation.DoesNotExist:
         pass
 
-    # Send the email
+
+def send_invitation_email(email, requestor_email, domains, requested_user):
+    """Send the invitation email."""
     try:
         send_templated_email(
             "emails/domain_invitation.txt",
@@ -88,9 +108,7 @@ def send_domain_invitation_email(email: str, requestor, domains: Domain | list[D
         )
     except EmailSendingError as err:
         domain_names = ", ".join([domain.name for domain in domains])
-        raise EmailSendingError(
-            f"Could not send email invitation to {email} for domains: {domain_names}"
-        ) from err
+        raise EmailSendingError(f"Could not send email invitation to {email} for domains: {domain_names}") from err
 
 
 def send_portfolio_invitation_email(email: str, requestor, portfolio):

src/registrar/views/domain.py

@@ -1186,6 +1186,7 @@ class DomainAddUserView(DomainFormBaseView):
                 portfolio_invitation, _ = PortfolioInvitation.objects.get_or_create(
                     email=requested_email, portfolio=domain_org, roles=[UserPortfolioRoleChoices.ORGANIZATION_MEMBER]
                 )
+                # if user exists for email, immediately retrieve portfolio invitation upon creation
                 if requested_user is not None:
                     portfolio_invitation.retrieve()
                     portfolio_invitation.save()

src/registrar/views/portfolios.py

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class PortfolioMemberDomainsEditView(PortfolioMemberDomainsEditPermissionView, V
         Processes added domains by bulk creating UserDomainRole instances.
         """
         if added_domain_ids:
-            print('_process_added_domains')
+            # get added_domains from ids to pass to send email method and bulk create
             added_domains = Domain.objects.filter(id__in=added_domain_ids)
             member_of_a_different_org, _ = get_org_membership(portfolio, member.email, member)
             send_domain_invitation_email(
@@ -514,6 +514,7 @@ class PortfolioInvitedMemberDomainsEditView(PortfolioMemberDomainsEditPermission
         or creating new ones.
         """
         if added_domain_ids:
+            # get added_domains from ids to pass to send email method and bulk create
             added_domains = Domain.objects.filter(id__in=added_domain_ids)
             member_of_a_different_org, _ = get_org_membership(portfolio, email, None)
             send_domain_invitation_email(
@@ -777,6 +778,7 @@ class PortfolioAddMemberView(PortfolioMembersPermissionView, FormMixin):
             if not requested_user or not permission_exists:
                 send_portfolio_invitation_email(email=requested_email, requestor=requestor, portfolio=portfolio)
                 portfolio_invitation = form.save()
+                # if user exists for email, immediately retrieve portfolio invitation upon creation
                 if requested_user is not None:
                     portfolio_invitation.retrieve()
                     portfolio_invitation.save()

src/registrar/views/utility/invitation_helper.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # when creating invitations and sending associated emails. These can be reused in
 # any view, and were initially developed for domain.py, portfolios.py and admin.py
 
+
 def get_org_membership(requestor_org, requested_email, requested_user):
     """
     Verifies if an email belongs to a different organization as a member or invited member.