merged

src/registrar/context_processors.py

@@ -60,6 +60,17 @@ def add_has_profile_feature_flag_to_context(request):
 
 def portfolio_permissions(request):
     """Make portfolio permissions for the request user available in global context"""
+    context = {
+        "has_base_portfolio_permission": False,
+        "has_domains_portfolio_permission": False,
+        "has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission": False,
+        "has_view_members_portfolio_permission": False,
+        "has_edit_members_portfolio_permission": False,
+        "has_view_suborganization": False,
+        "has_edit_suborganization": False,
+        "portfolio": None,
+        "has_organization_feature_flag": False,
+    }
     try:
         portfolio = request.session.get("portfolio")
         if portfolio:
@@ -69,32 +80,18 @@ def portfolio_permissions(request):
                 "has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission": request.user.has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission(
                     portfolio
                 ),
+                "has_view_members_portfolio_permission": request.user.has_view_members_portfolio_permission(portfolio),
+                "has_edit_members_portfolio_permission": request.user.has_edit_members_portfolio_permission(portfolio),
                 "has_view_suborganization": request.user.has_view_suborganization(portfolio),
                 "has_edit_suborganization": request.user.has_edit_suborganization(portfolio),
                 "portfolio": portfolio,
                 "has_organization_feature_flag": True,
             }
-        return {
-            "has_base_portfolio_permission": False,
-            "has_domains_portfolio_permission": False,
-            "has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission": False,
-            "has_view_suborganization": False,
-            "has_edit_suborganization": False,
-            "portfolio": None,
-            "has_organization_feature_flag": False,
-        }
+        return context
 
     except AttributeError:
         # Handles cases where request.user might not exist
-        return {
-            "has_base_portfolio_permission": False,
-            "has_domains_portfolio_permission": False,
-            "has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission": False,
-            "has_view_suborganization": False,
-            "has_edit_suborganization": False,
-            "portfolio": None,
-            "has_organization_feature_flag": False,
-        }
+        return context
 
 
 def is_widescreen_mode(request):

src/registrar/management/commands/update_first_ready.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import logging
 from django.core.management import BaseCommand
-from django.db.models.manager import BaseManager
 from registrar.management.commands.utility.terminal_helper import PopulateScriptTemplate, TerminalColors
 from registrar.models import Domain, TransitionDomain
 
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand, PopulateScriptTemplate):
 
     # check if a transition domain object for this domain name exists,
     # or if so whether its first_ready value matches its created_at date
-    def custom_filter(self, records: BaseManager[Domain]) -> BaseManager[Domain]:
+    def custom_filter(self, records):
         to_include_pks = []
         for record in records:
             if (

src/registrar/management/commands/utility/terminal_helper.py

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class PopulateScriptTemplate(ABC):
     run_summary_header = None
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def update_record(self, record: Model):
+    def update_record(self, record):
         """Defines how we update each field.
 
         raises:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class PopulateScriptTemplate(ABC):
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def mass_update_records(self, object_class: Model, filter_conditions, fields_to_update, debug=True, verbose=False):
+    def mass_update_records(self, object_class, filter_conditions, fields_to_update, debug=True, verbose=False):
         """Loops through each valid "object_class" object - specified by filter_conditions - and
         updates fields defined by fields_to_update using update_record.
 

src/registrar/migrations/0123_alter_portfolioinvitation_portfolio_additional_permissions_and_more.py

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Generated by Django 4.2.10 on 2024-09-04 21:29
+
+import django.contrib.postgres.fields
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    dependencies = [
+        ("registrar", "0122_create_groups_v16"),
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name="portfolioinvitation",
+            name="portfolio_additional_permissions",
+            field=django.contrib.postgres.fields.ArrayField(
+                base_field=models.CharField(
+                    choices=[
+                        ("view_all_domains", "View all domains and domain reports"),
+                        ("view_managed_domains", "View managed domains"),
+                        ("view_members", "View members"),
+                        ("edit_members", "Create and edit members"),
+                        ("view_all_requests", "View all requests"),
+                        ("view_created_requests", "View created requests"),
+                        ("edit_requests", "Create and edit requests"),
+                        ("view_portfolio", "View organization"),
+                        ("edit_portfolio", "Edit organization"),
+                        ("view_suborganization", "View suborganization"),
+                        ("edit_suborganization", "Edit suborganization"),
+                    ],
+                    max_length=50,
+                ),
+                blank=True,
+                help_text="Select one or more additional permissions.",
+                null=True,
+                size=None,
+            ),
+        ),
+        migrations.AlterField(
+            model_name="userportfoliopermission",
+            name="additional_permissions",
+            field=django.contrib.postgres.fields.ArrayField(
+                base_field=models.CharField(
+                    choices=[
+                        ("view_all_domains", "View all domains and domain reports"),
+                        ("view_managed_domains", "View managed domains"),
+                        ("view_members", "View members"),
+                        ("edit_members", "Create and edit members"),
+                        ("view_all_requests", "View all requests"),
+                        ("view_created_requests", "View created requests"),
+                        ("edit_requests", "Create and edit requests"),
+                        ("view_portfolio", "View organization"),
+                        ("edit_portfolio", "Edit organization"),
+                        ("view_suborganization", "View suborganization"),
+                        ("edit_suborganization", "Edit suborganization"),
+                    ],
+                    max_length=50,
+                ),
+                blank=True,
+                help_text="Select one or more additional permissions.",
+                null=True,
+                size=None,
+            ),
+        ),
+    ]

src/registrar/models/user.py

@@ -198,10 +198,40 @@ class User(AbstractUser):
         ) or self._has_portfolio_permission(portfolio, UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MANAGED_DOMAINS)
 
     def has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission(self, portfolio):
+        # BEGIN
+        # Note code below is to add organization_request feature
+        request = HttpRequest()
+        request.user = self
+        has_organization_requests_flag = flag_is_active(request, "organization_requests")
+        if not has_organization_requests_flag:
+            return False
+        # END
         return self._has_portfolio_permission(
             portfolio, UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS
         ) or self._has_portfolio_permission(portfolio, UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_CREATED_REQUESTS)
 
+    def has_view_members_portfolio_permission(self, portfolio):
+        # BEGIN
+        # Note code below is to add organization_request feature
+        request = HttpRequest()
+        request.user = self
+        has_organization_members_flag = flag_is_active(request, "organization_members")
+        if not has_organization_members_flag:
+            return False
+        # END
+        return self._has_portfolio_permission(portfolio, UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MEMBERS)
+
+    def has_edit_members_portfolio_permission(self, portfolio):
+        # BEGIN
+        # Note code below is to add organization_request feature
+        request = HttpRequest()
+        request.user = self
+        has_organization_members_flag = flag_is_active(request, "organization_members")
+        if not has_organization_members_flag:
+            return False
+        # END
+        return self._has_portfolio_permission(portfolio, UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_MEMBERS)
+
     def has_view_all_domains_permission(self, portfolio):
         """Determines if the current user can view all available domains in a given portfolio"""
         return self._has_portfolio_permission(portfolio, UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS)

src/registrar/models/user_portfolio_permission.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ class UserPortfolioPermission(TimeStampedModel):
     PORTFOLIO_ROLE_PERMISSIONS = {
         UserPortfolioRoleChoices.ORGANIZATION_ADMIN: [
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS,
-            UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MEMBER,
-            UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_MEMBER,
+            UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MEMBERS,
+            UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_MEMBERS,
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS,
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_REQUESTS,
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class UserPortfolioPermission(TimeStampedModel):
         ],
         UserPortfolioRoleChoices.ORGANIZATION_ADMIN_READ_ONLY: [
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS,
-            UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MEMBER,
+            UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MEMBERS,
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS,
             UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
             # Domain: field specific permissions

src/registrar/models/utility/portfolio_helper.py

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ class UserPortfolioPermissionChoices(models.TextChoices):
     VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS = "view_all_domains", "View all domains and domain reports"
     VIEW_MANAGED_DOMAINS = "view_managed_domains", "View managed domains"
 
-    VIEW_MEMBER = "view_member", "View members"
-    EDIT_MEMBER = "edit_member", "Create and edit members"
+    VIEW_MEMBERS = "view_members", "View members"
+    EDIT_MEMBERS = "edit_members", "Create and edit members"
 
     VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS = "view_all_requests", "View all requests"
     VIEW_CREATED_REQUESTS = "view_created_requests", "View created requests"

src/registrar/templates/includes/header_extended.html

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@
                 Domains
                 </a>
             </li>
-            <li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
+            <!-- <li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
                 <a href="#" class="usa-nav-link">
                     Domain groups
                 </a>
-            </li>
+            </li> -->
 
             {% if has_domain_requests_portfolio_permission %}
                 <li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
@@ -60,11 +60,13 @@
                     </a>
                 </li>
             {% endif %}
+            {% if has_view_members_portfolio_permission %}
             <li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
                 <a href="#" class="usa-nav-link">
                     Members
                 </a>
             </li>
+            {% endif %}
             <li class="usa-nav__primary-item">
                 {% url 'organization' as url %}
                 <!-- Move the padding from the a to the span so that the descenders do not get cut off -->

src/registrar/tests/test_models.py

@@ -1534,6 +1534,7 @@ class TestUser(TestCase):
         self.assertFalse(self.user.has_contact_info())
 
     @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_requests", active=True)
     def test_has_portfolio_permission(self):
         """
         0. Returns False when user does not have a permission
@@ -1555,7 +1556,10 @@ class TestUser(TestCase):
         portfolio_permission, _ = UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
             portfolio=portfolio,
             user=self.user,
-            additional_permissions=[UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS],
+            additional_permissions=[
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS,
+            ],
         )
 
         user_can_view_all_domains = self.user.has_domains_portfolio_permission(portfolio)

src/registrar/tests/test_views_domains_json.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 from registrar.models import UserDomainRole, Domain, DomainInformation, Portfolio
 from django.urls import reverse
+
+from registrar.models.user_portfolio_permission import UserPortfolioPermission
+from registrar.models.utility.portfolio_helper import UserPortfolioPermissionChoices, UserPortfolioRoleChoices
 from .test_views import TestWithUser
 from django_webtest import WebTest  # type: ignore
 from django.utils.dateparse import parse_date
 from api.tests.common import less_console_noise_decorator
+from waffle.testutils import override_flag
 
 
 class GetDomainsJsonTest(TestWithUser, WebTest):
@@ -31,6 +35,7 @@ class GetDomainsJsonTest(TestWithUser, WebTest):
 
     def tearDown(self):
         UserDomainRole.objects.all().delete()
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.all().delete()
         DomainInformation.objects.all().delete()
         Portfolio.objects.all().delete()
         super().tearDown()
@@ -115,8 +120,104 @@ class GetDomainsJsonTest(TestWithUser, WebTest):
             self.assertEqual(svg_icon_expected, svg_icons[i])
 
     @less_console_noise_decorator
-    def test_get_domains_json_with_portfolio(self):
-        """Test that an authenticated user gets the list of 2 domains for portfolio."""
+    @override_flag("organization_feature", active=True)
+    def test_get_domains_json_with_portfolio_view_managed_domains(self):
+        """Test that an authenticated user gets the list of 1 domain for portfolio. The 1 domain
+        is the domain that they manage within the portfolio."""
+
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
+            user=self.user,
+            portfolio=self.portfolio,
+            roles=[UserPortfolioRoleChoices.ORGANIZATION_MEMBER],
+            additional_permissions=[UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MANAGED_DOMAINS],
+        )
+
+        response = self.app.get(reverse("get_domains_json"), {"portfolio": self.portfolio.id})
+        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
+        data = response.json
+
+        # Check pagination info
+        self.assertEqual(data["page"], 1)
+        self.assertFalse(data["has_next"])
+        self.assertFalse(data["has_previous"])
+        self.assertEqual(data["num_pages"], 1)
+
+        # Check the number of domains
+        self.assertEqual(len(data["domains"]), 1)
+
+        # Expected domains
+        expected_domains = [self.domain3]
+
+        # Extract fields from response
+        domain_ids = [domain["id"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        names = [domain["name"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        expiration_dates = [domain["expiration_date"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        states = [domain["state"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        state_displays = [domain["state_display"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        get_state_help_texts = [domain["get_state_help_text"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        action_urls = [domain["action_url"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        action_labels = [domain["action_label"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+        svg_icons = [domain["svg_icon"] for domain in data["domains"]]
+
+        # Check fields for each domain
+        for i, expected_domain in enumerate(expected_domains):
+            self.assertEqual(expected_domain.id, domain_ids[i])
+            self.assertEqual(expected_domain.name, names[i])
+            self.assertEqual(expected_domain.expiration_date, expiration_dates[i])
+            self.assertEqual(expected_domain.state, states[i])
+
+            # Parsing the expiration date from string to date
+            parsed_expiration_date = parse_date(expiration_dates[i])
+            expected_domain.expiration_date = parsed_expiration_date
+
+            # Check state_display and get_state_help_text
+            self.assertEqual(expected_domain.state_display(), state_displays[i])
+            self.assertEqual(expected_domain.get_state_help_text(), get_state_help_texts[i])
+
+            self.assertEqual(reverse("domain", kwargs={"pk": expected_domain.id}), action_urls[i])
+
+            # Check action_label
+            user_domain_role_exists = UserDomainRole.objects.filter(
+                domain_id=expected_domains[i].id, user=self.user
+            ).exists()
+            action_label_expected = (
+                "View"
+                if not user_domain_role_exists
+                or expected_domains[i].state
+                in [
+                    Domain.State.DELETED,
+                    Domain.State.ON_HOLD,
+                ]
+                else "Manage"
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(action_label_expected, action_labels[i])
+
+            # Check svg_icon
+            svg_icon_expected = (
+                "visibility"
+                if not user_domain_role_exists
+                or expected_domains[i].state
+                in [
+                    Domain.State.DELETED,
+                    Domain.State.ON_HOLD,
+                ]
+                else "settings"
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(svg_icon_expected, svg_icons[i])
+
+    @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_feature", active=True)
+    def test_get_domains_json_with_portfolio_view_all_domains(self):
+        """Test that an authenticated user gets the list of 2 domains for portfolio. One is a domain which
+        they manage within the portfolio. The other is a domain which they don't manage within the
+        portfolio."""
+
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
+            user=self.user,
+            portfolio=self.portfolio,
+            roles=[UserPortfolioRoleChoices.ORGANIZATION_MEMBER],
+            additional_permissions=[UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_DOMAINS],
+        )
 
         response = self.app.get(reverse("get_domains_json"), {"portfolio": self.portfolio.id})
         self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

src/registrar/tests/test_views_portfolio.py

@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ class TestPortfolio(WebTest):
             self.assertContains(response, 'for="id_city"')
 
     @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_requests", active=True)
     def test_accessible_pages_when_user_does_not_have_permission(self):
         """Tests which pages are accessible when user does not have portfolio permissions"""
         self.app.set_user(self.user.username)
@@ -280,6 +281,7 @@ class TestPortfolio(WebTest):
             self.assertEquals(domain_request_page.status_code, 403)
 
     @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_requests", active=True)
     def test_accessible_pages_when_user_does_not_have_role(self):
         """Test that admin / memmber roles are associated with the right access"""
         self.app.set_user(self.user.username)
@@ -554,3 +556,99 @@ class TestPortfolio(WebTest):
 
         # Test for widescreen modifier
         self.assertContains(response, "--widescreen")
+
+    @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_feature", active=True)
+    @override_flag("organization_requests", active=False)
+    def test_organization_requests_waffle_flag_off_hides_nav_link_and_restricts_permission(self):
+        """Setting the organization_requests waffle off hides the nav link and restricts access to the requests page"""
+        self.app.set_user(self.user.username)
+
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
+            user=self.user,
+            portfolio=self.portfolio,
+            additional_permissions=[
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_CREATED_REQUESTS,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_REQUESTS,
+            ],
+        )
+
+        home = self.app.get(reverse("home")).follow()
+
+        self.assertContains(home, "Hotel California")
+        self.assertNotContains(home, "Domain requests")
+
+        domain_requests = self.app.get(reverse("domain-requests"), expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(domain_requests.status_code, 403)
+
+    @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_feature", active=True)
+    @override_flag("organization_requests", active=True)
+    def test_organization_requests_waffle_flag_on_shows_nav_link_and_allows_permission(self):
+        """Setting the organization_requests waffle on shows the nav link and allows access to the requests page"""
+        self.app.set_user(self.user.username)
+
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
+            user=self.user,
+            portfolio=self.portfolio,
+            additional_permissions=[
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_CREATED_REQUESTS,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_REQUESTS,
+            ],
+        )
+
+        home = self.app.get(reverse("home")).follow()
+
+        self.assertContains(home, "Hotel California")
+        self.assertContains(home, "Domain requests")
+
+        domain_requests = self.app.get(reverse("domain-requests"))
+        self.assertEqual(domain_requests.status_code, 200)
+
+    @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_feature", active=True)
+    @override_flag("organization_members", active=False)
+    def test_organization_members_waffle_flag_off_hides_nav_link(self):
+        """Setting the organization_members waffle off hides the nav link"""
+        self.app.set_user(self.user.username)
+
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
+            user=self.user,
+            portfolio=self.portfolio,
+            additional_permissions=[
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_CREATED_REQUESTS,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_ALL_REQUESTS,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.EDIT_REQUESTS,
+            ],
+        )
+
+        home = self.app.get(reverse("home")).follow()
+
+        self.assertContains(home, "Hotel California")
+        self.assertNotContains(home, "Members")
+
+    @less_console_noise_decorator
+    @override_flag("organization_feature", active=True)
+    @override_flag("organization_members", active=True)
+    def test_organization_members_waffle_flag_on_shows_nav_link(self):
+        """Setting the organization_members waffle on shows the nav link"""
+        self.app.set_user(self.user.username)
+
+        UserPortfolioPermission.objects.get_or_create(
+            user=self.user,
+            portfolio=self.portfolio,
+            additional_permissions=[
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_PORTFOLIO,
+                UserPortfolioPermissionChoices.VIEW_MEMBERS,
+            ],
+        )
+
+        home = self.app.get(reverse("home")).follow()
+
+        self.assertContains(home, "Hotel California")
+        self.assertContains(home, "Members")

src/registrar/views/domains_json.py

@@ -50,9 +50,13 @@ def get_domain_ids_from_request(request):
     """
     portfolio = request.GET.get("portfolio")
     if portfolio:
+        if request.user.is_org_user(request) and request.user.has_view_all_domains_permission(portfolio):
             domain_infos = DomainInformation.objects.filter(portfolio=portfolio)
             return domain_infos.values_list("domain_id", flat=True)
         else:
+            domain_info_ids = DomainInformation.objects.filter(portfolio=portfolio).values_list("domain_id", flat=True)
+            user_domain_roles = UserDomainRole.objects.filter(user=request.user).values_list("domain_id", flat=True)
+            return domain_info_ids.intersection(user_domain_roles)
     user_domain_roles = UserDomainRole.objects.filter(user=request.user)
     return user_domain_roles.values_list("domain_id", flat=True)
 

src/registrar/views/utility/__init__.py

@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@ from .permission_views import (
     DomainRequestPermissionWithdrawView,
     DomainInvitationPermissionDeleteView,
     DomainRequestWizardPermissionView,
+    PortfolioMembersPermission,
 )
 from .api_views import get_senior_official_from_federal_agency_json

src/registrar/views/utility/mixins.py

@@ -454,3 +454,20 @@ class PortfolioDomainRequestsPermission(PortfolioBasePermission):
             return False
 
         return super().has_permission()
+
+
+class PortfolioMembersPermission(PortfolioBasePermission):
+    """Permission mixin that allows access to portfolio members pages if user
+    has access, otherwise 403"""
+
+    def has_permission(self):
+        """Check if this user has access to members for this portfolio.
+
+        The user is in self.request.user and the portfolio can be looked
+        up from the portfolio's primary key in self.kwargs["pk"]"""
+
+        portfolio = self.request.session.get("portfolio")
+        if not self.request.user.has_view_members(portfolio):
+            return False
+
+        return super().has_permission()

src/registrar/views/utility/permission_views.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from .mixins import (
     UserDeleteDomainRolePermission,
     UserProfilePermission,
     PortfolioBasePermission,
+    PortfolioMembersPermission,
 )
 import logging
 
@@ -229,3 +230,11 @@ class PortfolioDomainRequestsPermissionView(PortfolioDomainRequestsPermission, P
     This abstract view cannot be instantiated. Actual views must specify
     `template_name`.
     """
+
+
+class PortfolioMembersPermissionView(PortfolioMembersPermission, PortfolioBasePermissionView, abc.ABC):
+    """Abstract base view for portfolio domain request views that enforces permissions.
+
+    This abstract view cannot be instantiated. Actual views must specify
+    `template_name`.
+    """