fix: handle HTTPClient::KeepAliveDisconnected in OrgRegistrantPhoneCheckerJob

This commit implements a reliable connection error handling solution for the
Company Register API integration. The job previously failed when connection
errors occurred without proper recovery mechanisms.
The implementation:
Adds a lightweight Retryable module with configurable retry logic
Implements smart caching of API responses (1 day expiration)
Handles common network errors like KeepAliveDisconnected and timeouts
Provides a fallback mechanism when all retry attempts fail
Ensures test reliability with cache-skipping in test environment
Testing:
Added specific tests for both recovery and fallback scenarios
Verified cache behavior in production and test environments
Resolves connection errors observed in production logs without adding
unnecessary complexity to the codebase.

app/lib/retryable.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Module for retrying operations with external APIs
+module Retryable
+  # Executes a code block with a specified number of retry attempts in case of specific errors
+  # @param max_attempts [Integer] maximum number of attempts (defaults to 3)
+  # @param retry_delay [Integer] delay between attempts in seconds (defaults to 2)
+  # @param exceptions [Array<Class>] exception classes to catch (defaults to all exceptions)
+  # @param logger [Object] logger object (must support info, warn, error methods)
+  # @param fallback [Proc] code block executed if all attempts fail
+  # @return [Object] result of the block execution or fallback
+  def with_retry(
+    max_attempts: 3,
+    retry_delay: 2,
+    exceptions: [StandardError],
+    logger: Rails.logger,
+    fallback: -> { [] }
+  )
+    attempts = 0
+
+    retry_attempt = lambda do
+      attempts += 1
+      yield
+    rescue *exceptions => e
+      logger.warn("Attempt #{attempts}/#{max_attempts} failed with error: #{e.class} - #{e.message}")
+      
+      if attempts < max_attempts
+        logger.info("Retrying in #{retry_delay} seconds...")
+        sleep retry_delay
+        retry_attempt.call
+      else
+        logger.error("All attempts exhausted. Last error: #{e.class} - #{e.message}")
+        fallback.call
+      end
+    end
+    
+    retry_attempt.call
+  end
+end