google-nomulus/java/google/registry/rdap/RdapDomainSearchAction.java

// Copyright 2017 The Nomulus Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package google.registry.rdap;

import static google.registry.model.EppResourceUtils.loadByForeignKey;
import static google.registry.model.index.ForeignKeyIndex.loadAndGetKey;
import static google.registry.model.ofy.ObjectifyService.ofy;
import static google.registry.request.Action.Method.GET;
import static google.registry.request.Action.Method.HEAD;
import static google.registry.util.DateTimeUtils.END_OF_TIME;

import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.primitives.Booleans;
import com.googlecode.objectify.Key;
import com.googlecode.objectify.cmd.Query;
import google.registry.config.RegistryConfig.Config;
import google.registry.model.EppResourceUtils;
import google.registry.model.domain.DomainResource;
import google.registry.model.host.HostResource;
import google.registry.rdap.RdapJsonFormatter.BoilerplateType;
import google.registry.rdap.RdapJsonFormatter.OutputDataType;
import google.registry.rdap.RdapSearchResults.IncompletenessWarningType;
import google.registry.request.Action;
import google.registry.request.HttpException.BadRequestException;
import google.registry.request.HttpException.NotFoundException;
import google.registry.request.HttpException.UnprocessableEntityException;
import google.registry.request.Parameter;
import google.registry.request.auth.Auth;
import google.registry.util.Clock;
import google.registry.util.FormattingLogger;
import google.registry.util.Idn;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import org.joda.time.DateTime;

/**
 * RDAP (new WHOIS) action for domain search requests.
 *
 * <p>All commands and responses conform to the RDAP spec as defined in RFCs 7480 through 7485.
 *
 * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7482">RFC 7482: Registration Data Access Protocol
 *     (RDAP) Query Format</a>
 * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7483">RFC 7483: JSON Responses for the Registration
 *     Data Access Protocol (RDAP)</a>
 */
@Action(
  path = RdapDomainSearchAction.PATH,
  method = {GET, HEAD},
  auth = Auth.AUTH_PUBLIC
)
public class RdapDomainSearchAction extends RdapActionBase {

  public static final String PATH = "/rdap/domains";

  public static final int RESULT_SET_SIZE_SCALING_FACTOR = 30;

  public static final int MAX_NAMESERVERS_IN_FIRST_STAGE = 1000;

  private static final FormattingLogger logger = FormattingLogger.getLoggerForCallerClass();

  @Inject Clock clock;
  @Inject @Parameter("name") Optional<String> nameParam;
  @Inject @Parameter("nsLdhName") Optional<String> nsLdhNameParam;
  @Inject @Parameter("nsIp") Optional<InetAddress> nsIpParam;
  @Inject @Config("rdapResultSetMaxSize") int rdapResultSetMaxSize;
  @Inject RdapDomainSearchAction() {}

  @Override
  public String getHumanReadableObjectTypeName() {
    return "domain search";
  }

  @Override
  public String getActionPath() {
    return PATH;
  }

  /**
   * Parses the parameters and calls the appropriate search function.
   *
   * <p>The RDAP spec allows for domain search by domain name, nameserver name or nameserver IP.
   */
  @Override
  public ImmutableMap<String, Object> getJsonObjectForResource(
      String pathSearchString, boolean isHeadRequest, String linkBase) {
    DateTime now = clock.nowUtc();
    // RDAP syntax example: /rdap/domains?name=exam*.com.
    // The pathSearchString is not used by search commands.
    if (pathSearchString.length() > 0) {
      throw new BadRequestException("Unexpected path");
    }
    if (Booleans.countTrue(nameParam.isPresent(), nsLdhNameParam.isPresent(), nsIpParam.isPresent())
        != 1) {
      throw new BadRequestException(
          "You must specify either name=XXXX, nsLdhName=YYYY or nsIp=ZZZZ");
    }
    RdapSearchResults results;
    if (nameParam.isPresent()) {
      // syntax: /rdap/domains?name=exam*.com
      String asciiName;
      try {
        asciiName = Idn.toASCII(nameParam.get());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new BadRequestException("Invalid value of nsLdhName parameter");
      }
      results = searchByDomainName(RdapSearchPattern.create(asciiName, true), now);
    } else if (nsLdhNameParam.isPresent()) {
      // syntax: /rdap/domains?nsLdhName=ns1.exam*.com
      // RFC 7482 appears to say that Unicode domains must be specified using punycode when
      // passed to nsLdhName, so IDN.toASCII is not called here.
      if (!LDH_PATTERN.matcher(nsLdhNameParam.get()).matches()) {
        throw new BadRequestException("Invalid value of nsLdhName parameter");
      }
      results = searchByNameserverLdhName(
          RdapSearchPattern.create(nsLdhNameParam.get(), true), now);
    } else {
      // syntax: /rdap/domains?nsIp=1.2.3.4
      results = searchByNameserverIp(nsIpParam.get(), now);
    }
    if (results.jsonList().isEmpty()) {
      throw new NotFoundException("No domains found");
    }
    ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Object> builder = new ImmutableMap.Builder<>();
    builder.put("domainSearchResults", results.jsonList());
    rdapJsonFormatter.addTopLevelEntries(
        builder,
        BoilerplateType.DOMAIN,
        results.getIncompletenessWarnings(),
        ImmutableList.<ImmutableMap<String, Object>>of(),
        rdapLinkBase);
    return builder.build();
  }

  /**
   * Searches for domains by domain name, returning a JSON array of domain info maps.
   *
   * <p>Domain query strings with wildcards are allowed to have a suffix after the wildcard, which
   * must be a TLD. If the TLD is not present, the wildcard must be preceded by at least two
   * characters (e.g. "ex*"), to avoid queries for all domains in the system. If the TLD is present,
   * the initial string is not required (e.g. "*.tld" is valid), because the search will be
   * restricted to a single TLD.
   */
  private RdapSearchResults searchByDomainName(
      final RdapSearchPattern partialStringQuery, final DateTime now) {
    // Handle queries without a wildcard -- just load by foreign key.
    if (!partialStringQuery.getHasWildcard()) {
      DomainResource domainResource =
          loadByForeignKey(DomainResource.class, partialStringQuery.getInitialString(), now);
      ImmutableList<DomainResource> results = (domainResource == null)
          ? ImmutableList.<DomainResource>of()
          : ImmutableList.of(domainResource);
      return makeSearchResults(results, now);
    // Handle queries with a wildcard and no initial string.
    } else if (partialStringQuery.getInitialString().isEmpty()) {
      if (partialStringQuery.getSuffix() == null) {
        throw new UnprocessableEntityException(
            "Initial search string is required for wildcard domain searches without a TLD suffix");
      }
      // Since we aren't searching on fullyQualifiedDomainName, we can perform our one allowed
      // inequality query on deletion time.
      Query<DomainResource> query = ofy().load()
          .type(DomainResource.class)
          .filter("tld", partialStringQuery.getSuffix())
          .filter("deletionTime >", now)
          .limit(rdapResultSetMaxSize + 1);
      return makeSearchResults(query.list(), now);
    // Handle queries with a wildcard and an initial string.
    } else {
      if ((partialStringQuery.getSuffix() == null)
          && (partialStringQuery.getInitialString().length()
              < RdapSearchPattern.MIN_INITIAL_STRING_LENGTH)) {
        throw new UnprocessableEntityException(
            String.format(
                "Initial search string must be at least %d characters for wildcard domain searches"
                    + " without a TLD suffix",
                RdapSearchPattern.MIN_INITIAL_STRING_LENGTH));
      }

      // We can't query for undeleted domains as part of the query itself; that would require an
      // inequality query on deletion time, and we are already using inequality queries on
      // fullyQualifiedDomainName. So we instead pick an arbitrary limit of
      // RESULT_SET_SIZE_SCALING_FACTOR times the result set size limit, fetch up to that many, and
      // weed out all deleted domains. If there still isn't a full result set's worth of domains, we
      // give up and return just the ones we found.
      // TODO(b/31546493): Add metrics to figure out how well this works.
      List<DomainResource> domainList = new ArrayList<>();
      Query<DomainResource> query = ofy().load()
          .type(DomainResource.class)
          .filter("fullyQualifiedDomainName <", partialStringQuery.getNextInitialString())
          .filter("fullyQualifiedDomainName >=", partialStringQuery.getInitialString());
      if (partialStringQuery.getSuffix() != null) {
        query = query.filter("tld", partialStringQuery.getSuffix());
      }
      // Query the domains directly, rather than the foreign keys, because then we have an index on
      // TLD if we need it.
      for (DomainResource domain :
          query.limit(RESULT_SET_SIZE_SCALING_FACTOR * rdapResultSetMaxSize)) {
        if (EppResourceUtils.isActive(domain, now)) {
          if (domainList.size() >= rdapResultSetMaxSize) {
            return makeSearchResults(
                ImmutableList.copyOf(domainList), IncompletenessWarningType.TRUNCATED, now);
          }
          domainList.add(domain);
        }
      }
      return makeSearchResults(domainList, now);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Searches for domains by nameserver name, returning a JSON array of domain info maps.
   *
   * <p>This is a two-step process: get a list of host references by host name, and then look up
   * domains by host reference.
   */
  private RdapSearchResults searchByNameserverLdhName(
      final RdapSearchPattern partialStringQuery, final DateTime now) {
    Iterable<Key<HostResource>> hostKeys = getNameserverRefsByLdhName(partialStringQuery, now);
    if (Iterables.isEmpty(hostKeys)) {
      throw new NotFoundException("No matching nameservers found");
    }
    return searchByNameserverRefs(hostKeys, now);
  }

  /**
   * Assembles a list of {@link HostResource} keys by name.
   *
   * <p>Nameserver query strings with wildcards are allowed to have a suffix after the wildcard,
   * which must be a domain. If the domain is not specified, or is not an existing domain in one of
   * our TLDs, the wildcard must be preceded by at least two characters (e.g. "ns*"), to avoid
   * queries for all nameservers in the system. If the suffix specifies an existing domain, the
   * initial string is not required (e.g. "*.example.tld" is valid), because we can look up the
   * domain and just list all of its subordinate hosts.
   */
  private Iterable<Key<HostResource>> getNameserverRefsByLdhName(
      final RdapSearchPattern partialStringQuery, final DateTime now) {
    // Handle queries without a wildcard; just load the host by foreign key in the usual way.
    if (!partialStringQuery.getHasWildcard()) {
      Key<HostResource> hostKey = loadAndGetKey(
          HostResource.class, partialStringQuery.getInitialString(), now);
      if (hostKey == null) {
        return ImmutableList.of();
      } else {
        return ImmutableList.of(hostKey);
      }
    // Handle queries with a wildcard.
    } else {
      // If there is a suffix, it must be a domain that we manage. That way, we can look up the
      // domain and search through the subordinate hosts. This is more efficient, and lets us permit
      // wildcard searches with no initial string.
      if (partialStringQuery.getSuffix() != null) {
        DomainResource domainResource = loadByForeignKey(
            DomainResource.class, partialStringQuery.getSuffix(), now);
        if (domainResource == null) {
          // Don't allow wildcards with suffixes which are not domains we manage. That would risk a
          // table scan in some easily foreseeable cases.
          throw new UnprocessableEntityException(
              "A suffix in a lookup by nameserver name must be an in-bailiwick domain");
        }
        ImmutableList.Builder<Key<HostResource>> builder = new ImmutableList.Builder<>();
        for (String fqhn : ImmutableSortedSet.copyOf(domainResource.getSubordinateHosts())) {
          // We can't just check that the host name starts with the initial query string, because
          // then the query ns.exam*.example.com would match against nameserver ns.example.com.
          if (partialStringQuery.matches(fqhn)) {
            Key<HostResource> hostKey = loadAndGetKey(HostResource.class, fqhn, now);
            if (hostKey != null) {
              builder.add(hostKey);
            } else {
              logger.warningfmt("Host key unexpectedly null");
            }
          }
        }
        return builder.build();
      // If there's no suffix, query the host resources. Query the resources themselves, rather than
      // the foreign key indexes, because then we have an index on fully qualified host name and
      // deletion time, so we can check the deletion status in the query itself. There are no
      // pending deletes for hosts, so we can call queryUndeleted. In this case, the initial string
      // must be present, to avoid querying every host in the system. This restriction is enforced
      // by queryUndeleted().
      } else {
        // Only return the first 1000 nameservers. This could result in an incomplete result set if
        // a search asks for something like "ns*", but we need to enforce a limit in order to avoid
        // arbitrarily long-running queries.
        return queryUndeleted(
                HostResource.class,
                "fullyQualifiedHostName",
                partialStringQuery,
                MAX_NAMESERVERS_IN_FIRST_STAGE)
            .keys();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Searches for domains by nameserver address, returning a JSON array of domain info maps.
   *
   * <p>This is a two-step process: get a list of host references by IP address, and then look up
   * domains by host reference.
   *
   * <p>In theory, we could have any number of hosts using the same IP address. To make sure we get
   * all the associated domains, we have to retrieve all of them, and use them to look up domains.
   * This could open us up to a kind of DoS attack if huge number of hosts are defined on a single
   * IP. To avoid this, fetch only the first 1000 nameservers. In all normal circumstances, this
   * should be orders of magnitude more than there actually are. But it could result in us missing
   * some domains.
   */
  private RdapSearchResults searchByNameserverIp(
      final InetAddress inetAddress, final DateTime now) {
    return searchByNameserverRefs(
        ofy()
            .load()
            .type(HostResource.class)
            .filter("inetAddresses", inetAddress.getHostAddress())
            .filter("deletionTime", END_OF_TIME)
            .limit(MAX_NAMESERVERS_IN_FIRST_STAGE)
            .keys(),
        now);
  }

  /**
   * Locates all domains which are linked to a set of host keys.
   *
   * <p>This method is called by {@link #searchByNameserverLdhName} and {@link
   * #searchByNameserverIp} after they assemble the relevant host keys.
   */
  private RdapSearchResults searchByNameserverRefs(
      final Iterable<Key<HostResource>> hostKeys, final DateTime now) {
    // We must break the query up into chunks, because the in operator is limited to 30 subqueries.
    // Since it is possible for the same domain to show up more than once in our result list (if
    // we do a wildcard nameserver search that returns multiple nameservers used by the same
    // domain), we must create a set of resulting {@link DomainResource} objects. But we use a
    // LinkedHashSet to preserve the order in which we found the domains.
    LinkedHashSet<DomainResource> domains = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    int numHostKeysSearched = 0;
    for (List<Key<HostResource>> chunk : Iterables.partition(hostKeys, 30)) {
      numHostKeysSearched += chunk.size();
      for (DomainResource domain : ofy().load()
          .type(DomainResource.class)
          .filter("nsHosts in", chunk)
          .filter("deletionTime >", now)
          .limit(rdapResultSetMaxSize + 1)) {
        if (!domains.contains(domain)) {
          if (domains.size() >= rdapResultSetMaxSize) {
            return makeSearchResults(
                ImmutableList.copyOf(domains), IncompletenessWarningType.TRUNCATED, now);
          }
          domains.add(domain);
        }
      }
    }
    return makeSearchResults(
        ImmutableList.copyOf(domains),
        (numHostKeysSearched >= MAX_NAMESERVERS_IN_FIRST_STAGE)
            ? IncompletenessWarningType.MIGHT_BE_INCOMPLETE
            : IncompletenessWarningType.NONE,
        now);
  }

  /** Output JSON for a list of domains, with no incompleteness warnings. */
  private RdapSearchResults makeSearchResults(List<DomainResource> domains, DateTime now) {
    return makeSearchResults(domains, IncompletenessWarningType.NONE, now);
  }

  /**
   * Output JSON for a list of domains.
   *
   * <p>The incompletenessWarningType should be set to TRUNCATED if the search found more results
   * than are in the list, or MIGHT_BE_INCOMPLETE if a search for domains by nameserver returned the
   * maximum number of nameservers in the first stage query.
   */
  private RdapSearchResults makeSearchResults(
      List<DomainResource> domains,
      IncompletenessWarningType incompletenessWarningType,
      DateTime now) {
    OutputDataType outputDataType =
        (domains.size() > 1) ? OutputDataType.SUMMARY : OutputDataType.FULL;
    RdapAuthorization authorization = getAuthorization();
    ImmutableList.Builder<ImmutableMap<String, Object>> jsonBuilder = new ImmutableList.Builder<>();
    for (DomainResource domain : domains) {
      jsonBuilder.add(
          rdapJsonFormatter.makeRdapJsonForDomain(
              domain, false, rdapLinkBase, rdapWhoisServer, now, outputDataType, authorization));
    }
    return RdapSearchResults.create(jsonBuilder.build(), incompletenessWarningType);
  }
}