google-nomulus/java/google/registry/beam/invoicing/BillingEvent.java

// Copyright 2018 The Nomulus Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package google.registry.beam.invoicing;

import static google.registry.beam.BeamUtils.checkFieldsNotNull;
import static google.registry.beam.BeamUtils.extractField;

import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.flogger.FluentLogger;
import google.registry.model.billing.BillingEvent.Flag;
import google.registry.reporting.billing.BillingModule;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.AtomicCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.Coder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.StringUtf8Coder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigquery.SchemaAndRecord;

/**
 * A POJO representing a single billable event, parsed from a {@code SchemaAndRecord}.
 *
 * <p>This is a trivially serializable class that allows Beam to transform the results of a Bigquery
 * query into a standard Java representation, giving us the type guarantees and ease of manipulation
 * Bigquery lacks, while localizing any Bigquery-side failures to the {@link #parseFromRecord}
 * function.
 */
@AutoValue
public abstract class BillingEvent implements Serializable {

  private static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();

  private static final DateTimeFormatter DATE_TIME_FORMATTER =
      DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss zzz");


  /** The amount we multiply the price for sunrise creates. This is currently a 15% discount. */
  private static final double SUNRISE_DISCOUNT_PRICE_MODIFIER = 0.85;

  private static final ImmutableList<String> FIELD_NAMES =
      ImmutableList.of(
          "id",
          "billingTime",
          "eventTime",
          "registrarId",
          "billingId",
          "tld",
          "action",
          "domain",
          "repositoryId",
          "years",
          "currency",
          "amount",
          "flags");

  /** Returns the unique Objectify ID for the {@code OneTime} associated with this event. */
  abstract long id();
  /** Returns the UTC DateTime this event becomes billable. */
  abstract ZonedDateTime billingTime();
  /** Returns the UTC DateTime this event was generated. */
  abstract ZonedDateTime eventTime();
  /** Returns the billed registrar's name. */
  abstract String registrarId();
  /** Returns the billed registrar's billing account key. */
  abstract String billingId();
  /** Returns the tld this event was generated for. */
  abstract String tld();
  /** Returns the billable action this event was generated for (i.e. RENEW, CREATE, TRANSFER...) */
  abstract String action();
  /** Returns the fully qualified domain name this event was generated for. */
  abstract String domain();
  /** Returns the unique RepoID associated with the billed domain. */
  abstract String repositoryId();
  /** Returns the number of years this billing event is made out for. */
  abstract int years();
  /** Returns the 3-letter currency code for the billing event (i.e. USD or JPY.) */
  abstract String currency();
  /** Returns the cost associated with this billing event. */
  abstract double amount();
  /** Returns a list of space-delimited flags associated with the event. */
  abstract String flags();

  /**
   * Constructs a {@code BillingEvent} from a {@code SchemaAndRecord}.
   *
   * @see <a
   *     href=http://avro.apache.org/docs/1.7.7/api/java/org/apache/avro/generic/GenericData.Record.html>
   *     Apache AVRO GenericRecord</a>
   */
  static BillingEvent parseFromRecord(SchemaAndRecord schemaAndRecord) {
    checkFieldsNotNull(FIELD_NAMES, schemaAndRecord);
    GenericRecord record = schemaAndRecord.getRecord();
    String flags = extractField(record, "flags");
    double amount = getDiscountedAmount(Double.parseDouble(extractField(record, "amount")), flags);
    return create(
        // We need to chain parsers off extractField because GenericRecord only returns
        // Objects, which contain a string representation of their underlying types.
        Long.parseLong(extractField(record, "id")),
        // Bigquery provides UNIX timestamps with microsecond precision.
        Instant.ofEpochMilli(Long.parseLong(extractField(record, "billingTime")) / 1000)
            .atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")),
        Instant.ofEpochMilli(Long.parseLong(extractField(record, "eventTime")) / 1000)
            .atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")),
        extractField(record, "registrarId"),
        extractField(record, "billingId"),
        extractField(record, "tld"),
        extractField(record, "action"),
        extractField(record, "domain"),
        extractField(record, "repositoryId"),
        Integer.parseInt(extractField(record, "years")),
        extractField(record, "currency"),
        amount,
        flags);
  }

  /**
   * Applies a discount to sunrise creates and anchor tenant creates if applicable.
   *
   * Currently sunrise creates are discounted 15% and anchor tenant creates are free for 2 years.
   * All anchor tenant creates are enforced to be 2 years in
   * {@link google.registry.flows.domain.DomainCreateFlow#verifyAnchorTenantValidPeriod}.
   */
  private static double getDiscountedAmount(double amount, String flags) {
    // Apply a configurable discount to sunrise creates.
    if (flags.contains(Flag.SUNRISE.name())) {
      amount =
          Double.parseDouble(
              new DecimalFormat("#.##").format(amount * SUNRISE_DISCOUNT_PRICE_MODIFIER));
    }
    // Anchor tenant creates are free for the initial create. This is enforced to be a 2 year period
    // upon domain create.
    if (flags.contains(Flag.ANCHOR_TENANT.name())) {
      amount = 0;
    }
    return amount;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a concrete {@code BillingEvent}.
   *
   * <p>This should only be used outside this class for testing- instances of {@code BillingEvent}
   * should otherwise come from {@link #parseFromRecord}.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  static BillingEvent create(
      long id,
      ZonedDateTime billingTime,
      ZonedDateTime eventTime,
      String registrarId,
      String billingId,
      String tld,
      String action,
      String domain,
      String repositoryId,
      int years,
      String currency,
      double amount,
      String flags) {
    return new AutoValue_BillingEvent(
        id,
        billingTime,
        eventTime,
        registrarId,
        billingId,
        tld,
        action,
        domain,
        repositoryId,
        years,
        currency,
        amount,
        flags);
  }

  static String getHeader() {
    return FIELD_NAMES.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(","));
  }

  /**
   * Generates the filename associated with this {@code BillingEvent}.
   *
   * <p>When modifying this function, take care to ensure that there's no way to generate an illegal
   * filepath with the arguments, such as "../sensitive_info".
   */
  String toFilename(String yearMonth) {
    return String.format(
        "%s_%s_%s_%s", BillingModule.DETAIL_REPORT_PREFIX, yearMonth, registrarId(), tld());
  }

  /** Generates a CSV representation of this {@code BillingEvent}. */
  String toCsv() {
    return Joiner.on(",")
        .join(
            ImmutableList.of(
                id(),
                DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.format(billingTime()),
                DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.format(eventTime()),
                registrarId(),
                billingId(),
                tld(),
                action(),
                domain(),
                repositoryId(),
                years(),
                currency(),
                String.format("%.2f", amount()),
                // Strip out the 'synthetic' flag, which is internal only.
                flags().replace("SYNTHETIC", "").trim()));
  }

  /** Returns the grouping key for this {@code BillingEvent}, to generate the overall invoice. */
  InvoiceGroupingKey getInvoiceGroupingKey() {
    return new AutoValue_BillingEvent_InvoiceGroupingKey(
        billingTime().toLocalDate().withDayOfMonth(1).toString(),
        billingTime().toLocalDate().withDayOfMonth(1).plusYears(years()).minusDays(1).toString(),
        billingId(),
        String.format("%s - %s", registrarId(), tld()),
        String.format("%s | TLD: %s | TERM: %d-year", action(), tld(), years()),
        amount(),
        currency(),
        "");
  }

  /** Key for each {@code BillingEvent}, when aggregating for the overall invoice. */
  @AutoValue
  abstract static class InvoiceGroupingKey implements Serializable {

    private static final ImmutableList<String> INVOICE_HEADERS =
        ImmutableList.of(
            "StartDate",
            "EndDate",
            "ProductAccountKey",
            "Amount",
            "AmountCurrency",
            "BillingProductCode",
            "SalesChannel",
            "LineItemType",
            "UsageGroupingKey",
            "Quantity",
            "Description",
            "UnitPrice",
            "UnitPriceCurrency",
            "PONumber");

    /** Returns the first day this invoice is valid, in yyyy-MM-dd format. */
    abstract String startDate();
    /** Returns the last day this invoice is valid, in yyyy-MM-dd format. */
    abstract String endDate();
    /** Returns the billing account id, which is the {@code BillingEvent.billingId}. */
    abstract String productAccountKey();
    /** Returns the invoice grouping key, which is in the format "registrarId - tld". */
    abstract String usageGroupingKey();
    /** Returns a description of the item, formatted as "action | TLD: tld | TERM: n-year." */
    abstract String description();
    /** Returns the cost per invoice item. */
    abstract Double unitPrice();
    /** Returns the 3-digit currency code the unit price uses. */
    abstract String unitPriceCurrency();
    /** Returns the purchase order number for the item, blank for most registrars. */
    abstract String poNumber();

    /** Generates the CSV header for the overall invoice. */
    static String invoiceHeader() {
      return Joiner.on(",").join(INVOICE_HEADERS);
    }

    /** Generates a CSV representation of n aggregate billing events. */
    String toCsv(Long quantity) {
      double totalPrice = unitPrice() * quantity;
      return Joiner.on(",")
          .join(
              ImmutableList.of(
                  startDate(),
                  endDate(),
                  productAccountKey(),
                  String.format("%.2f", totalPrice),
                  unitPriceCurrency(),
                  "10125",
                  "1",
                  "PURCHASE",
                  usageGroupingKey(),
                  String.format("%d", quantity),
                  description(),
                  String.format("%.2f", unitPrice()),
                  unitPriceCurrency(),
                  poNumber()));
    }

    /** Coder that provides deterministic (de)serialization for {@code InvoiceGroupingKey}. */
    static class InvoiceGroupingKeyCoder extends AtomicCoder<InvoiceGroupingKey> {

      @Override
      public void encode(InvoiceGroupingKey value, OutputStream outStream) throws IOException {
        Coder<String> stringCoder = StringUtf8Coder.of();
        stringCoder.encode(value.startDate(), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(value.endDate(), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(value.productAccountKey(), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(value.usageGroupingKey(), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(value.description(), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(String.valueOf(value.unitPrice()), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(value.unitPriceCurrency(), outStream);
        stringCoder.encode(value.poNumber(), outStream);
      }

      @Override
      public InvoiceGroupingKey decode(InputStream inStream) throws IOException {
        Coder<String> stringCoder = StringUtf8Coder.of();
        return new AutoValue_BillingEvent_InvoiceGroupingKey(
            stringCoder.decode(inStream),
            stringCoder.decode(inStream),
            stringCoder.decode(inStream),
            stringCoder.decode(inStream),
            stringCoder.decode(inStream),
            Double.parseDouble(stringCoder.decode(inStream)),
            stringCoder.decode(inStream),
            stringCoder.decode(inStream));
      }
    }
  }
}