diff --git a/core/src/main/java/google/registry/persistence/VKey.java b/core/src/main/java/google/registry/persistence/VKey.java
index 41fa7d8ee..669743ed0 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/google/registry/persistence/VKey.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/google/registry/persistence/VKey.java
@@ -311,4 +311,29 @@ public class VKey<T> extends ImmutableObject implements Serializable {
     }
     return key;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs the readable string representation of a {@link VKey}.
+   *
+   * <p>This readable string representation of a vkey contains its type and its sql key or ofy key,
+   * or both.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    if (maybeGetOfyKey().isPresent() && maybeGetSqlKey().isPresent()) {
+      return String.format(
+          "VKey<%s>(%s:%s,%s:%s)",
+          getKind().getSimpleName(), SQL_LOOKUP_KEY, sqlKey, OFY_LOOKUP_KEY, ofyKeyToString());
+    } else if (maybeGetSqlKey().isPresent()) {
+      return String.format("VKey<%s>(%s:%s)", getKind().getSimpleName(), SQL_LOOKUP_KEY, sqlKey);
+    } else if (maybeGetOfyKey().isPresent()) {
+      return String.format("VKey<%s>(%s:%s)", ofyKey.getKind(), OFY_LOOKUP_KEY, ofyKeyToString());
+    } else {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("VKey should contain at least one form of key");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String ofyKeyToString() {
+    return ofyKey.getName() == null ? String.valueOf(ofyKey.getId()) : ofyKey.getName();
+  }
 }
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommand.java b/core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommand.java
index 18ddf88d9..df729c6c7 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommand.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommand.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ final class GetResourceByKeyCommand implements CommandWithRemoteApi {
       EppResource resource =
           checkNotNull(
               auditedOfy().load().key(resourceKey.getOfyKey()).now(),
-              "Could not load resource for key: " + resourceKey.getOfyKey());
+              "Could not load resource for key: " + resourceKey);
       System.out.println(expand ? resource.toHydratedString() : resource.toString());
     }
   }
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/google/registry/persistence/VKeyTest.java b/core/src/test/java/google/registry/persistence/VKeyTest.java
index dc3aedbd5..1209975e5 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/google/registry/persistence/VKeyTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/google/registry/persistence/VKeyTest.java
@@ -418,6 +418,32 @@ class VKeyTest {
     assertThat(VKey.create(vkeyStringFromQueue)).isEqualTo(vkey);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void testToString_sqlOnlyVKey() {
+    assertThat(VKey.createSql(TestObject.class, "testId").toString())
+        .isEqualTo("VKey<TestObject>(sql:testId)");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testToString_ofyOnlyVKey_withName() {
+    assertThat(
+            VKey.createOfy(TestObject.class, Key.create(TestObject.class, "testName")).toString())
+        .isEqualTo("VKey<TestObject>(ofy:testName)");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testToString_ofyOnlyVKey_withId() {
+    assertThat(VKey.createOfy(TestObject.class, Key.create(TestObject.class, 12345)).toString())
+        .isEqualTo("VKey<TestObject>(ofy:12345)");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testToString_sqlAndOfyVKey() {
+    assertThat(
+            VKey.create(TestObject.class, "foo", Key.create(TestObject.create("ofy"))).toString())
+        .isEqualTo("VKey<TestObject>(sql:foo,ofy:ofy)");
+  }
+
   @Entity
   static class OtherObject {}
 }
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommandTest.java b/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommandTest.java
index a4c84ce15..fa0ac93ac 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommandTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/GetResourceByKeyCommandTest.java
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class GetResourceByKeyCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<GetResourceByKeyComman
                     "agR0ZXN0chULEgpEb21haW5CYXNlIgU0LVRMRAw"));
     assertThat(thrown)
         .hasMessageThat()
-        .contains("Could not load resource for key: Key<?>(DomainBase(\"4-TLD\"))");
+        .contains("Could not load resource for key: VKey<DomainBase>(sql:4-TLD,ofy:4-TLD)");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class GetResourceByKeyCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<GetResourceByKeyComman
                     "agR0ZXN0chsLEg9Db250YWN0UmVzb3VyY2UiBjMtUk9JRAw"));
     assertThat(thrown)
         .hasMessageThat()
-        .contains("Could not load resource for key: Key<?>(ContactResource(\"3-ROID\"))");
+        .contains("Could not load resource for key: VKey<ContactResource>(sql:3-ROID,ofy:3-ROID)");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class GetResourceByKeyCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<GetResourceByKeyComman
                     "agR0ZXN0chgLEgxIb3N0UmVzb3VyY2UiBjMtUk9JRAw"));
     assertThat(thrown)
         .hasMessageThat()
-        .contains("Could not load resource for key: Key<?>(HostResource(\"3-ROID\"))");
+        .contains("Could not load resource for key: VKey<HostResource>(sql:3-ROID,ofy:3-ROID)");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class GetResourceByKeyCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<GetResourceByKeyComman
             () -> runCommand("agR0ZXN0chULEgpEb21haW5CYXNlIgUyLVRMRAw"));
     assertThat(thrown)
         .hasMessageThat()
-        .contains("Could not load resource for key: Key<?>(DomainBase(\"2-TLD\"))");
+        .contains("Could not load resource for key: VKey<DomainBase>(sql:2-TLD,ofy:2-TLD)");
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/SetupOteCommandTest.java b/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/SetupOteCommandTest.java
index be5e6caac..f1b7ab88d 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/SetupOteCommandTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/SetupOteCommandTest.java
@@ -331,7 +331,9 @@ class SetupOteCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<SetupOteCommand> {
                     "--registrar=blobio",
                     "--email=contact@email.com",
                     "--certfile=" + getCertFilename()));
-    assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("Registry(\"blobio-sunrise\")");
+    assertThat(thrown)
+        .hasMessageThat()
+        .contains("VKey<Registry>(sql:blobio-sunrise,ofy:blobio-sunrise)");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -367,7 +369,7 @@ class SetupOteCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<SetupOteCommand> {
                     "--registrar=blobio",
                     "--email=contact@email.com",
                     "--certfile=" + getCertFilename()));
-    assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("Registrar(\"blobio-1\")");
+    assertThat(thrown).hasMessageThat().contains("VKey<Registrar>(sql:blobio-1,ofy:blobio-1)");
   }
 
   @Test