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+# FAQ for talking to registrars
+
+This document contains some of the questions that registrars are likely to ask
+about the system. In most cases, the question can be answered generally for
+Nomulus systems. In some cases, the details depend on things outside the scope
+of Nomulus, such as EPP and WHOIS proxies and DNS systems.
+
+## Technical onboarding
+
+**1.1 Do you provide a web based interface for registrars to manage domain names
+(URL)?**
+
+There is no web based interface to manage domains at this time; registrars must
+use EPP commands.
+
+**1.2 Will a Registrar Tool Kit be made available? If yes, what is included in
+the Tool Kit?**
+
+Registry has provided this technical FAQ documentation on how to use the core
+EPP protocols and supported extensions. An EPP SDK is not provided. The
+registrar can develop EPP client using any existing EPP client libraries (e.g.
+Verisign, Afilias, or any Open Source variants).
+
+**1.3 Does the registry provide a secure certificate? Are multiple
+certifications required across gTLDs?**
+
+*[ The answer to this question depends on the details of your EPP proxy
+implementation. Here is how we answer it: ]*
+
+The registry does not provide a secure certificate. Registrars must provide
+their own certificate during onboarding, which will be whitelisted for the
+connection. A single certificate can be used for multiple TLDs.
+
+**1.4 Locks and statuses: do lock and status rules follow RFC specifications?**
+
+Yes, lock and status rules follow RFC specifications.
+
+**1.5 How can we receive the registry zone file (SFTP, web-based download)?**
+
+The zone file is available by requesting through ICANN’s [Centralized Zone Data
+Service](https://czds.icann.org).
+
+## Domain names
+
+**2.1 Are second level IDNs supported?**
+
+For open TLDs launched by Registry, Latin script (which includes all Spanish
+alphabet characters) and the Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana scripts are supported
+at the second level. Please refer to the IDN tables on [IANA
+website](http://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables) for the list of IDNs supported
+for each specific TLD.
+
+**2.2 Are variants of the domain name allowed?**
+
+For IDNs that contain variants, we will block them. However, the two tables that
+we currently support (Japanese and Latin) do not have variants.
+
+**2.3 Will the life cycle for IDNs v. ASCII differ?**
+
+No, the restrictions for an IDN domain are the same as those for an ASCII
+domain.
+
+**2.4 Is NDN (for example, 1234.tld) allowed for registration?**
+
+Yes. Numeric Domain Names are allowed.
+
+**2.5 What are the restrictions on the length of a domain?**
+
+A second level domain can be any length up to 15 characters if it contains any
+Japanese codepoints, or 63 characters if it only contains ASCII or Latin script
+codepoints.
+
+## DNSSEC
+
+**3.1 What version of DNSSEC is being implemented? Will it be supported at
+launch?**
+
+EPP DNSSEC extension version 1.1 is supported at launch.
+
+**3.2 What is the specification for transmitting DNSSEC data to the registry?**
+
+RFC 5910 defines the specification for sending DNSSEC data to the registry.
+Specifically, Registry accepts dsData.
+
+**3.3 Are DNSSEC nameservers pre-checked for DNSSEC data?**
+
+No, DNSSEC nameservers are not be pre-checked for DNSSEC data.
+
+**3.4 What are the valid algorithm values for a DS record?**
+
+We do not validate DS records, so any value is accepted.
+
+**3.5 Is the maxSigLife attribute enabled?**
+
+No, the maxSigLife attribute is not supported.
+
+**3.6 What is the maximum number of DNSSEC records allowed per domain?**
+
+A maximum of eight DNSSEC records are allowed per domain.
+
+## Nameservers
+
+**4.1 Do you support host objects or host attributes for the domain:ns tag?**
+
+Registry supports host objects. Host attributes are not supported.
+
+**4.2 Are there any restrictions on the length of the host?**
+
+We do not impose any additional restrictions, except those required by DNS.
+
+**4.3 What number of nameservers are required in order for a domain to
+resolve?**
+
+One nameserver is required for a domain name to resolve.
+
+**4.4 Does the registry support renaming of host objects?**
+
+Yes, Registry supports the renaming of host objects.
+
+**4.5 Can hosts be updated by their owner when the host is linked to another
+domain name?**
+
+Yes, hosts can be updated when the host is linked to another domain name.
+
+**4.6 Can domains be deleted when a subordinate host object of the domain is
+being used as a nameserver by another domain?**
+
+No, domains cannot be deleted while they still contain subordinate host objects.
+However, you can delete the hosts, or rename them so they are no longer
+subordinate, and then the domain can be deleted.
+
+**4.7 Is it required to have a zone configuration verified by the registry prior
+to the registration of a domain name or a domain update?**
+
+No, we do not require verification of zone configurations.
+
+**4.8 Are IPv6 addresses supported?**
+
+Yes, IPv6 addresses are supported.
+
+**4.9 How many IP adresses can be listed on an in-bailiwick host object?**
+
+Ten IP addresses can be listed on an in-bailiwick host object. This limit is for
+both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses combined.
+
+**4.10 Can duplicate IP addresses be listed within a host object?**
+
+While duplicate IP addresses can be set on a host object, they will be de-duped
+prior to persisting, so there is no point in listing duplicate IP addresses.
+
+**4.11 Can duplicate IP addresses be listed between different host objects for
+the same domain?**
+
+Yes, duplicate IP addresses can be listed between different host objects for the
+same domain.
+
+**4.12 How many nameservers can be set on a domain?**
+
+Thirteen nameservers can be set on a domain.
+
+**4.13 Do you allow the usage of glue nameservers?**
+
+We require IP address information for nameservers subordinate to a TLD, and do
+not allow it otherwise.
+
+**4.14 What is your procedure for the handling of Orphan Glue Records?**
+
+We do not have a procedure for the handling of Orphan Glue records because we
+will not have Orphan Glue Records. When a host object is no longer referred to
+by any domain, its glue is removed.
+
+**4.15 What are the authoritative domain name servers for Registry TLDs?**
+
+*[ The answer to this question will depend on your DNS implementation. ]*
+
+## Contacts
+
+**5.1 What contacts are required to register a domain?**
+
+A registrant, administrative, and technical contact are required to register a
+domain. A billing contact is not required. An abuse contact will be required
+beginning in 2017, as per ICANN directive. All contacts may point at the same
+contact ID. Note that multiple contacts of the same type are not allowed.
+
+**5.2 Can contact information be updated at anytime without a fee?**
+
+Yes, contact information can be updated at any time without a fee.
+
+**5.3 Are proxy contacts allowed on the domain?**
+
+Yes, proxy contacts are allowed on the domain.
+
+**5.4 Do contact attributes follow the RFC standard?**
+
+Yes, contact attributes follow the RFC standard.
+
+**5.5 Are ISO country codes used?**
+
+Yes, ISO country codes are used.
+
+**5.6 Is a transfer of Contacts possible?**
+
+Yes, contacts may be transferred.
+
+## WHOIS
+
+**6.1 What is the URL and port number for WHOIS requests?**
+
+*[ The answer to this question will depend on your WHOIS proxy implementation.
+]*
+
+**6.2 Does your policy allow WHOIS Privacy?**
+
+Whois Privacy is allowed.
+
+**6.3 Is a Bulk WHOIS available?**
+
+No, Bulk WHOIS is not available.
+
+**6.4 What are the WHOIS rate limitations?**
+
+*[ The answer to this question will depend on your WHOIS proxy implementation.
+]*
+
+**6.5 How often is WHOIS information updated?**
+
+WHOIS is updated in near real time.
+
+## EPP - General
+
+**7.1 What is your EPP server address?**
+
+*[ The answer to this question will depend on your EPP proxy implementation. ]*
+
+**7.2 Will you provide a standard Pool and Batch account (e.g. as VeriSign)?**
+
+No, we will not provide a standard Pool and Batch account.
+
+**7.3 Does the registry support thick domain registrations?**
+
+Yes, Registry supports thick domain registrations.
+
+**7.4 What EPP commands exist to retrieve the account balance of the
+registrar?**
+
+None at the current time.
+
+**7.5 Are there any restrictions on the volume of commands allowed during a
+session?**
+
+No, there are no restriction on the volume of commands allowed during a session.
+
+**7.6 Are you using special extensions for your EPP API?**
+
+[Launch Phase
+Mapping](http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-eppext-launchphase-01) and
+Registry Fee Extension (versions 0.6 and 0.11, as described below) are
+supported.
+
+**7.7 Which domain status are allowed for the domains?**
+
+Standard EPP statuses are allowed.
+
+**7.8 Do you use a real-time or non real-time registration system?**
+
+Registry uses a real-time registration system.
+
+**7.9 What are your connection policies to the registry system (e.g., how many
+connections are allowed)?**
+
+*[ The answer to this question will depend on your App Engine configuration. ]*
+
+**7.10 Are you using a Shared Registry System or a Dedicated Registry System
+(separate EPP servers for each TLD)?**
+
+We have a shared registry system for EPP, with a shared namespace across all
+supported TLDs. Contacts and hosts are shared across all TLDs; for instance, the
+same contact can be used for all of a registrar's domains in the system.
+
+**7.11 If using a DRS, are login credentials, IP whitelisting, etc. configured
+separately or will these be the same for all TLDs in your system?**
+
+These will be the same for all TLDs, because we are a shared registry system.
+There is a single login regardless of TLD, and the same login session can be
+used to send EPP commands for all TLDs.
+
+**7.12 What types of signed marks do you accept for sunrise applications?**
+
+We only accept encoded signed marks that are signed by the TMCH. Non-encoded
+signed marks are not supported.
+
+**7.13 Where do I get encoded signed marks to use during the OT&E process?**
+
+You can use any of the active test SMDs provided by ICANN, which can be found by
+following the link in [this ICANN PDF
+document](http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/about/trademark-clearinghouse/smd-test-repository-02oct13-en.pdf).
+
+**7.14 How do I specify the EPP launch phases (i.e. Sunrise and Landrush)?**
+
+For applications during the Sunrise phase, the launch phase should be specified
+as follows:
+
+`sunrise`
+
+For applications during the Landrush phase, the launch phase should be specified
+as follows:
+
+`landrush`
+
+**7.15 Do you accept domain labels with upper-case characters?**
+
+No, the registry will reject domain labels with any uppercase characters. While
+DNS labels are inherently case-insensitive
+([RFC4343](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4343)), we ask registrars to
+canonicalize to lowercase to avoid confusion matching up labels on EPP responses
+and poll messages.
+
+**7.16 When should I run a claims check?**
+
+Claims checks are required during the General Availability and Landrush periods
+for domains matching a label existing in the TMCH claims database. Otherwise,
+the registration/application will be rejected. Claims checks are not allowed
+during Sunrise.
+
+**7.17 How can I get the claims notice from TMDB using the TCNID?**
+
+Section 3.1 of [this ICANN PDF
+document](http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/about/trademark-clearinghouse/scsvcs/db-registrar-06dec13-en.pdf)
+provides an overview of how you can access the TMDB system.
+
+**7.18 What happens if I send an explicit renew command during the auto-renew
+grace period?**
+
+If an explicit renewal command is sent through during the auto-renew grace
+period, it will be in addition to the auto-renew and further extend the
+expiration date (not overrule the auto-renew).
+
+Note however that this is not the case for transfers; a transfer during the
+auto-renew grace period overrules the auto-renew.
+
+**7.19 What testing environments are available to registrars on sandbox?**
+
+In addition to the existing registrar-specific OTE EPP accounts and TLDs, we
+provide a production-like development environment. All registrars are able to
+use their OTE GA accounts to access the development versions of the TLDs they
+have been onboarded for.
+
+These development TLDs can be accessed at:
+
+* EPP hostname: *[ this depends on your EPP proxy implementation ]*
+* Using OTE EPP accounts: `-3` and `-4`
+
+**7.20 When using the Verisign EPP Tool to test access to the registry, I see
+an "Error Reading Server Greeting" message.**
+
+This is usually the result of the connection being terminated by the server
+because no security certificate is present. The EPP Tool's Getting Started Guide
+describes how to configure the connection profile to include a certificate using
+the ssl.\* parameters. A certificate is required in order to connect to
+the registry.
+
+## EPP - Fee extension
+
+**8.1 Which version of the Fee Extension draft do you support?**
+
+We currently support two versions of the Registry Fee Extension:
+
+[urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:fee-0.6](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-brown-epp-fees-03)
+
+[urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:fee-0.11](https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-regext-epp-fees-00)
+
+Note that the version of the specification document is not the same as the
+version of the fee extension URI itself. Also, version 0.11 is still in the
+process of being finalized, so for the moment, version 0.6 is to be preferred.
+
+**8.2 Where is the Fee Extension supported?**
+
+Fee extension is supported in the OT&E sandbox and in the production
+environment.
+
+**8.3 How do I use the Fee Extension?**
+
+* Declare the fee extension in the `` command:
+
+ `urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:fee-0.6`
+
+* Use of the fee extension is optional for EPP query commands. If the client
+ request includes the fee extension, fee information will be included in the
+ server response. By policy, the registry will return an error from ``
+ if you attempt to check the fee of a domain that you are not also checking
+ the availability of.
+
+* On non-premium domains, the fee extension is not required to perform EPP
+ transform commands (e.g. `` , ``, etc).
+ However, for premium domains, the client is required to acknowledge the
+ price of an EPP transform operation through the use of the extension. If the
+ fee extension is not included in transform commands on premium names, the
+ server will respond with an error.
+
+**8.4 Do you return different "premium" tiers?**
+
+We do not have different premium tiers. If a domain name is premium, we
+communicate "premium" as a single class in the EPP response, regardless of the
+domain’s price range.
+
+**8.5 What do you do with the "grace-period", "applied" and "refundable"
+attributes as added in draft 0.6 of the Fee Extension?**
+
+Registry does not return any of those fields, and will reject any transform
+commands that attempt to pass in those fields.
+
+**8.6 What currency code do I use for the Fee Extension?**
+
+The value for `` depends on the currency we use for billing the
+specific TLD.
+
+**8.7 Do you support balance check in the Fee Extension?**
+
+Currently we do not support it.
+
+**8.8 How can I try the Fee Extension in the sandbox?**
+
+*[ We recommend that you set up a dummy premium list in the sandbox environment
+with special names that you can give out to registrars for testing purposes. For
+instance, we use the following SLD names, with different associated premium
+prices: "rich", "richer", "silver", "iridium", "gold", "platinum", "rhodium",
+"diamond", "palladium", "aluminum", "copper" and "brass". ]*
+
+Trying to create premium names without using the fee extension will return an
+error. The accepted value for `` in sandbox is USD.
+
+**8.9 What if I don’t want to carry premium domains?**
+
+The fee extension is required to execute transform operations on premium
+domains. If you do not declare the fee extension during login, you will not be
+able to Create, Delete, Transfer, or Restore premium domains. All operations on
+non-premium domains, as well as Check and Info on premiums, will still be
+allowed.
+
+To summarise, here is the expected EPP response if you do not declare the fee
+extension during login:
+
+* `` on a non-premium domain will return "*avail=true*" or
+ "*avail=false*" depending on the availability of the domain.
+* `` on a premium domain will always return "*avail=false*". If
+ the domain is already registered, the reason code will be "*In Use*",
+ otherwise it will be "*Premium names require EPP ext.*"
+* `` and other fee extension commands should result in a "*2002 -
+ Command use error*" response code since the fee extension is not declared
+ during login.
+
+**8.10 Why do I get an error when using ``?**
+
+Prices are the same across all phases, so it is not necessary to specify any
+command phases or subphases.
+
+**8.11 Why do I get a "2103: Unimplemented Extension" error when trying to
+include fee and claim extensions in the same `` command?**
+
+Fee and claim checks are not allowed in the same `` command.The
+[Launch
+Phase](http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tan-epp-launchphase-12#section-3.1)
+extension defines two types of domain checks: availability checks and claim
+checks. The `` command is only allowed in availability check
+commands.
+
+**8.12 What are your Grace and Pending Period durations?**
+
+* Add - 5 days
+* Renew - 5 days
+* Transfer - 5 days
+* Pending Delete - 5 days
+* Sunrise and Landrush Add/Drop - 30 days
+* Redemption - 30 days
+* Auto-Renew - 45 days
+
+## Security
+
+*[ The answers in this section depend on your EPP proxy implementation. These
+are the answers that we give, because our EPP proxy has IP whitelists, and
+requires SSL certificates and SNI. We recommend that other proxy implementations
+do likewise. ]*
+
+**9.1 How do I specify the IP addresses that can access your EPP system?**
+
+You will be asked to submit your whitelisted IPs (in CIDR notation) during the
+onboarding process. After completion of the onboarding process, you can use the
+support console to manage the IP whitelist for your production account.
+
+**9.2 What SSL certificates will you accept for EPP connections?**
+
+We will accept any SSL certificate. You will be asked to submit your certificate
+for whitelisting during the onboarding process. After completion of the
+onboarding process, you can use the support console to manage the certificate
+for your production account.
+
+**9.3 Is the use of SNI (Server Name Indication) required when connecting to the
+EPP endpoint?**
+
+Yes, the use of SNI is required.
+
+**9.4 Is SNI supported in Java?**
+
+The default SSL implementation in the current OpenJDK is the Java Secure Socket
+Extension (JSSE) from Sun, which does support SNI. However, it can be somewhat
+tricky to enable, as it may depend on which method you use to connect. If you
+call `SSLSocketFactory.createSocket(...)` and pass in the host directly, it will
+use SNI; however, if you call `SSLSocketFactory.createSocket()` and then
+subsequently call `connect(...)` on the resultant `Socket` object, then it may
+not use SNI. In that case, you may have to cast the socket to its actual
+implementation and call `setHost(...)` on it directly. Please refer to the
+following code snippet for illustration:
+
+```java
+SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1");
+SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
+SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket) sslSocketFactory.createSocket();
+if (sslSocket instanceof sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl) {
+ ((sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl) sslSocket).setHost(server);
+}
+socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(server, port), timeout);
+```
+
+We recommend that registrars use Java7 or later, as they have native SNI
+support, unlike previous versions of the JDK.