Add certificate checks for create and update registrar commands (#837)

* Add certificatechecks for create and update registrar commands

* Add CertificateCheckerModule

* Remove commented out code

* Still tring to get dependency injection to work

* Get this actually working

* Add tests for multiple violations

* Small formatting fixes

* Rename configs and fix collectors

* Add checks for failover client certificate

* Fix formatting

core/src/main/java/google/registry/config/CertificateCheckerModule.java

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Nomulus Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package google.registry.config;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap;
+import dagger.Module;
+import dagger.Provides;
+import google.registry.config.RegistryConfig.Config;
+import google.registry.util.CertificateChecker;
+import google.registry.util.Clock;
+import javax.inject.Singleton;
+import org.joda.time.DateTime;
+
+/** Dagger module that provides the {@link CertificateChecker} used in the application. */
+// TODO(sarahbot@): Move this module to a better location. Possibly flows/. If we decide to move
+// CertificateChecker.java to core/ delete this file and inject the CertificateChecker constructor
+// instead.
+@Module
+public abstract class CertificateCheckerModule {
+
+  @Provides
+  @Singleton
+  static CertificateChecker provideCertificateChecker(
+      @Config("maxValidityDaysSchedule") ImmutableSortedMap<DateTime, Integer> validityDaysMap,
+      @Config("expirationWarningDays") int daysToExpiration,
+      @Config("minimumRsaKeyLength") int minimumRsaKeyLength,
+      Clock clock) {
+    return new CertificateChecker(validityDaysMap, daysToExpiration, minimumRsaKeyLength, clock);
+  }
+
+  private CertificateCheckerModule() {}
+}

core/src/main/java/google/registry/config/RegistryConfig.java

@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@ package google.registry.config;
 
 import static com.google.common.base.Suppliers.memoize;
 import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList.toImmutableList;
+import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap.toImmutableSortedMap;
 import static google.registry.config.ConfigUtils.makeUrl;
+import static google.registry.util.DateTimeUtils.START_OF_TIME;
 import static google.registry.util.ResourceUtils.readResourceUtf8;
 import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+import static java.util.Comparator.naturalOrder;
 
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.google.common.base.Ascii;
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ import com.google.common.base.Strings;
 import com.google.common.base.Supplier;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap;
 import dagger.Module;
 import dagger.Provides;
 import google.registry.util.TaskQueueUtils;
@@ -46,6 +50,7 @@ import javax.inject.Qualifier;
 import javax.inject.Singleton;
 import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
 import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
+import org.joda.time.DateTime;
 import org.joda.time.DateTimeConstants;
 import org.joda.time.Duration;
 
@@ -1345,6 +1350,33 @@ public final class RegistryConfig {
     public static String provideRdapTosStaticUrl(RegistryConfigSettings config) {
       return config.registryPolicy.rdapTosStaticUrl;
     }
+
+    @Provides
+    @Config("maxValidityDaysSchedule")
+    public static ImmutableSortedMap<DateTime, Integer> provideValidityDaysMap(
+        RegistryConfigSettings config) {
+      return config.sslCertificateValidation.maxValidityDaysSchedule.entrySet().stream()
+          .collect(
+              toImmutableSortedMap(
+                  naturalOrder(),
+                  e ->
+                      e.getKey().equals("START_OF_TIME")
+                          ? START_OF_TIME
+                          : DateTime.parse(e.getKey()),
+                  e -> e.getValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Provides
+    @Config("expirationWarningDays")
+    public static int provideDaysToExpiration(RegistryConfigSettings config) {
+      return config.sslCertificateValidation.expirationWarningDays;
+    }
+
+    @Provides
+    @Config("minimumRsaKeyLength")
+    public static int provideMinimumRsaKeyLength(RegistryConfigSettings config) {
+      return config.sslCertificateValidation.minimumRsaKeyLength;
+    }
   }
 
   /** Returns the App Engine project ID, which is based off the environment name. */

core/src/main/java/google/registry/config/RegistryConfigSettings.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package google.registry.config;
 
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /** The POJO that YAML config files are deserialized into. */
 public class RegistryConfigSettings {
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ public class RegistryConfigSettings {
   public Beam beam;
   public Keyring keyring;
   public RegistryTool registryTool;
+  public SslCertificateValidation sslCertificateValidation;
 
   /** Configuration options that apply to the entire App Engine project. */
   public static class AppEngine {
@@ -218,4 +220,11 @@ public class RegistryConfigSettings {
     public String clientSecret;
     public String username;
   }
+
+  /** Configuration for the certificate checker. */
+  public static class SslCertificateValidation {
+    public Map<String, Integer> maxValidityDaysSchedule;
+    public int expirationWarningDays;
+    public int minimumRsaKeyLength;
+  }
 }

core/src/main/java/google/registry/config/files/default-config.yaml

@@ -446,3 +446,17 @@ registryTool:
   # OAuth client secret used by the tool.
   clientSecret: YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET
   username: toolusername
+
+# Configuration options for checking SSL certificates.
+sslCertificateValidation:
+  # A map specifying the maximum amount of days the certificate can be valid.
+  # The entry key is the date closest before the date the certificate was issued
+  # and the entry value is the applicable maximum validity days for that certificate.
+  maxValidityDaysSchedule:
+    "START_OF_TIME": 825
+    "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z": 398
+  # The number of days before a certificate expires that indicates the
+  # certificate is nearing expiration and warnings should be sent.
+  expirationWarningDays: 30
+  # The minimum number of bits an RSA key must contain
+  minimumRsaKeyLength: 2048

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/CreateOrUpdateRegistrarCommand.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import static google.registry.persistence.transaction.TransactionManagerFactory.
 import static google.registry.util.DomainNameUtils.canonicalizeDomainName;
 import static google.registry.util.RegistrarUtils.normalizeRegistrarName;
 import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.US_ASCII;
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 import static org.joda.time.DateTimeZone.UTC;
 
 import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
@@ -38,9 +39,15 @@ import google.registry.tools.params.OptionalLongParameter;
 import google.registry.tools.params.OptionalPhoneNumberParameter;
 import google.registry.tools.params.OptionalStringParameter;
 import google.registry.tools.params.PathParameter;
+import google.registry.util.CertificateChecker;
+import google.registry.util.CertificateChecker.CertificateViolation;
 import google.registry.util.CidrAddressBlock;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
@@ -48,7 +55,9 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
 import org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit;
 import org.joda.time.DateTime;
 
@@ -57,9 +66,9 @@ abstract class CreateOrUpdateRegistrarCommand extends MutatingCommand {
 
   static final FluentLogger logger = FluentLogger.forEnclosingClass();
 
-  @Parameter(
-      description = "Client identifier of the registrar account",
-      required = true)
+  @Inject CertificateChecker certificateChecker;
+
+  @Parameter(description = "Client identifier of the registrar account", required = true)
   List<String> mainParameters;
 
   @Parameter(
@@ -356,11 +365,21 @@ abstract class CreateOrUpdateRegistrarCommand extends MutatingCommand {
       }
       if (clientCertificateFilename != null) {
         String asciiCert = new String(Files.readAllBytes(clientCertificateFilename), US_ASCII);
+        // An empty certificate file is allowed in order to provide a functionality for removing an
+        // existing certificate without providing a replacement. An uploaded empty certificate file
+        // will prevent the registrar from being able to establish EPP connections.
+        if (!asciiCert.equals("")) {
+          verifyCertificate(asciiCert);
+        }
         builder.setClientCertificate(asciiCert, now);
       }
+
       if (failoverClientCertificateFilename != null) {
         String asciiCert =
             new String(Files.readAllBytes(failoverClientCertificateFilename), US_ASCII);
+        if (!asciiCert.equals("")) {
+          verifyCertificate(asciiCert);
+        }
         builder.setFailoverClientCertificate(asciiCert, now);
       }
       if (!isNullOrEmpty(clientCertificateHash)) {
@@ -463,6 +482,22 @@ abstract class CreateOrUpdateRegistrarCommand extends MutatingCommand {
     }
   }
 
+  private void verifyCertificate(String certificateString) throws CertificateException {
+    X509Certificate certificate =
+        (X509Certificate)
+            CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509")
+                .generateCertificate(new ByteArrayInputStream(certificateString.getBytes(UTF_8)));
+    ImmutableSet<CertificateViolation> violations =
+        certificateChecker.checkCertificate(certificate);
+    if (!violations.isEmpty()) {
+      String displayMessages =
+          violations.stream()
+              .map(violation -> violation.getDisplayMessage(certificateChecker))
+              .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
+      throw new CertificateException(displayMessages);
+    }
+  }
+
   @Override
   protected String execute() throws Exception {
     // Save registrar to Datastore and output its response

core/src/main/java/google/registry/tools/RegistryToolComponent.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import dagger.Lazy;
 import google.registry.batch.BatchModule;
 import google.registry.beam.initsql.BeamJpaModule;
 import google.registry.bigquery.BigqueryModule;
+import google.registry.config.CertificateCheckerModule;
 import google.registry.config.CredentialModule.LocalCredentialJson;
 import google.registry.config.RegistryConfig.Config;
 import google.registry.config.RegistryConfig.ConfigModule;
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ import javax.inject.Singleton;
       BatchModule.class,
       BeamJpaModule.class,
       BigqueryModule.class,
+      CertificateCheckerModule.class,
       ConfigModule.class,
       CloudDnsWriterModule.class,
       DatastoreAdminModule.class,
@@ -83,42 +85,83 @@ import javax.inject.Singleton;
     })
 interface RegistryToolComponent {
   void inject(AckPollMessagesCommand command);
+
   void inject(CheckDomainClaimsCommand command);
+
   void inject(CheckDomainCommand command);
+
   void inject(CountDomainsCommand command);
+
   void inject(CreateAnchorTenantCommand command);
+
   void inject(CreateCdnsTld command);
+
   void inject(CreateContactCommand command);
+
   void inject(CreateDomainCommand command);
+
+  void inject(CreateRegistrarCommand command);
+
   void inject(CreateTldCommand command);
+
   void inject(DeployInvoicingPipelineCommand command);
+
   void inject(DeploySpec11PipelineCommand command);
+
   void inject(EncryptEscrowDepositCommand command);
+
   void inject(GenerateAllocationTokensCommand command);
+
   void inject(GenerateDnsReportCommand command);
+
   void inject(GenerateEscrowDepositCommand command);
+
   void inject(GetKeyringSecretCommand command);
+
   void inject(GetOperationStatusCommand command);
+
   void inject(GhostrydeCommand command);
+
   void inject(ImportDatastoreCommand command);
+
   void inject(ListCursorsCommand command);
+
   void inject(ListDatastoreOperationsCommand command);
+
   void inject(LoadSnapshotCommand command);
+
   void inject(LockDomainCommand command);
+
   void inject(LoginCommand command);
+
   void inject(LogoutCommand command);
+
   void inject(PendingEscrowCommand command);
+
   void inject(RenewDomainCommand command);
+
   void inject(SendEscrowReportToIcannCommand command);
+
   void inject(SetNumInstancesCommand command);
+
   void inject(SetupOteCommand command);
+
   void inject(UnlockDomainCommand command);
+
   void inject(UnrenewDomainCommand command);
+
   void inject(UpdateCursorsCommand command);
+
   void inject(UpdateDomainCommand command);
+
   void inject(UpdateKmsKeyringCommand command);
+
+  void inject(UpdateRegistrarCommand command);
+
   void inject(UpdateTldCommand command);
+
   void inject(ValidateEscrowDepositCommand command);
+
   void inject(WhoisQueryCommand command);
 
   AppEngineConnection appEngineConnection();

core/src/test/java/google/registry/testing/CertificateSamples.java

@@ -88,5 +88,40 @@ public final class CertificateSamples {
    */
   public static final String SAMPLE_CERT2_HASH = "GNd6ZP8/n91t9UTnpxR8aH7aAW4+CpvufYx9ViGbcMY";
 
+  /*
+   * openssl req -new -nodes -x509 -days 200 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout client1.key -out client1.crt
+   * -subj "/C=US/ST=New York/L=New York/O=Google/OU=domain-registry-test/CN=client1"
+   */
+  public static final String SAMPLE_CERT3 =
+      "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
+          + "MIIDyzCCArOgAwIBAgIUJnhiVrxAxgwkLJzHPm1w/lBoNs4wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL\n"
+          + "BQAwdTELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxETAPBgNVBAgMCE5ldyBZb3JrMREwDwYDVQQHDAhO\n"
+          + "ZXcgWW9yazEPMA0GA1UECgwGR29vZ2xlMR0wGwYDVQQLDBRkb21haW4tcmVnaXN0\n"
+          + "cnktdGVzdDEQMA4GA1UEAwwHY2xpZW50MTAeFw0yMDEwMTIxNzU5NDFaFw0yMTA0\n"
+          + "MzAxNzU5NDFaMHUxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMREwDwYDVQQIDAhOZXcgWW9yazERMA8G\n"
+          + "A1UEBwwITmV3IFlvcmsxDzANBgNVBAoMBkdvb2dsZTEdMBsGA1UECwwUZG9tYWlu\n"
+          + "LXJlZ2lzdHJ5LXRlc3QxEDAOBgNVBAMMB2NsaWVudDEwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB\n"
+          + "AQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQC0msirO7kXyGEC93stsNYGc02Z77Q2qfHFwaGYkUG8\n"
+          + "QvOF5SWN+jwTo5Td6Jj26A26a8MLCtK45TCBuMRNcUsHhajhT19ocphO20iY3zhi\n"
+          + "ycwV1id0iwME4kPd1m57BELRE9tUPOxF81/JQXdR1fwT5KRVHYRDWZhaZ5aBmlZY\n"
+          + "3t/H9Ly0RBYyApkMaGs3nlb94OOug6SouUfRt02S59ja3wsE2SVF/Eui647OXP7O\n"
+          + "QdYXofxuqLoNkE8EnAdl43/enGLiCIVd0G2lABibFF+gbxTtfgbg7YtfUZJdL+Mb\n"
+          + "RAcAtuLXEamNQ9H63JgVF16PlQVCDz2XyI3uCfPpDDiBAgMBAAGjUzBRMB0GA1Ud\n"
+          + "DgQWBBQ26bWk8qfEBjXs/xZ4m8JZyalnITAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBQ26bWk8qfEBjXs\n"
+          + "/xZ4m8JZyalnITAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQAZ\n"
+          + "VcsgslBKanKOieJ5ik2d9qzOMXKfBuWPRFWbkC3t9i5awhHqnGAaj6nICnnMZIyt\n"
+          + "rdx5lZW5aaQyf0EP/90JAA8Xmty4A6MXmEjQAMiCOpP3A7eeS6Xglgi8IOZl4/bg\n"
+          + "LonW62TUkilo5IiFt/QklFTeHIjXB+OvA8+2Quqyd+zp7v6KnhXjvaomim78DhwE\n"
+          + "0PIUnjmiRpGpHfTVioTdfhPHZ2Y93Y8K7juL93sQog9aBu5m9XRJCY6wGyWPE83i\n"
+          + "kmLfGzjcnaJ6kqCd9xQRFZ0JwHmGlkAQvFoeengbNUqSyjyVgsOoNkEsrWwe/JFO\n"
+          + "iqBvjEhJlvRoefvkdR98\n"
+          + "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
+
+  /*
+   * python -c "import sys;print sys.argv[1].decode('hex').encode('base64').strip('\n=')" $(openssl
+   * x509 -fingerprint -sha256 -in client1.crt | grep -Po '(?<=Fingerprint=).*' | sed s/://g)
+   */
+  public static final String SAMPLE_CERT3_HASH = "GM2tYFuzdpDXN0lqpUXlsvrqk8OdMayryV+4/DOFZ0M";
+
   private CertificateSamples() {}
 }

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/CommandTestCase.java

@@ -175,7 +175,12 @@ public abstract class CommandTestCase<C extends Command> {
 
   /** Returns a path to a known good certificate file. */
   String getCertFilename() throws IOException {
-    return writeToNamedTmpFile("cert.pem", CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT);
+    return getCertFilename(CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a path to a specified certificate file. */
+  String getCertFilename(String certificateFile) throws IOException {
+    return writeToNamedTmpFile("cert.pem", certificateFile);
   }
 
   /** Reloads the given resource from Datastore. */

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/CreateRegistrarCommandTest.java

@@ -19,9 +19,12 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth8.assertThat;
 import static google.registry.model.ofy.ObjectifyService.ofy;
 import static google.registry.persistence.transaction.TransactionManagerFactory.jpaTm;
 import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT;
+import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT3;
+import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT3_HASH;
 import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT_HASH;
 import static google.registry.testing.DatastoreHelper.createTlds;
 import static google.registry.testing.DatastoreHelper.persistNewRegistrar;
+import static google.registry.util.DateTimeUtils.START_OF_TIME;
 import static org.joda.time.DateTimeZone.UTC;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
@@ -31,11 +34,13 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import com.beust.jcommander.ParameterException;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.Range;
 import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
 import google.registry.model.registrar.Registrar;
-import google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples;
+import google.registry.util.CertificateChecker;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit;
 import org.joda.time.DateTime;
@@ -52,6 +57,12 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
   @BeforeEach
   void beforeEach() {
     command.setConnection(connection);
+    command.certificateChecker =
+        new CertificateChecker(
+            ImmutableSortedMap.of(START_OF_TIME, 825, DateTime.parse("2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"), 398),
+            30,
+            2048,
+            fakeClock);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -354,12 +365,13 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
 
   @Test
   void testSuccess_clientCertFileFlag() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
     runCommandForced(
         "--name=blobio",
         "--password=some_password",
         "--registrar_type=REAL",
         "--iana_id=8",
-        "--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(),
+        "--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT3),
         "--passcode=01234",
         "--icann_referral_email=foo@bar.test",
         "--street=\"123 Fake St\"",
@@ -371,8 +383,67 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
 
     Optional<Registrar> registrar = Registrar.loadByClientId("clientz");
     assertThat(registrar).isPresent();
-    assertThat(registrar.get().getClientCertificateHash())
-        .isEqualTo(CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT_HASH);
+    assertThat(registrar.get().getClientCertificateHash()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT3_HASH);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_clientCertFileFlagWithViolation() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () ->
+                runCommandForced(
+                    "--name=blobio",
+                    "--password=some_password",
+                    "--registrar_type=REAL",
+                    "--iana_id=8",
+                    "--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT),
+                    "--passcode=01234",
+                    "--icann_referral_email=foo@bar.test",
+                    "--street=\"123 Fake St\"",
+                    "--city Fakington",
+                    "--state MA",
+                    "--zip 00351",
+                    "--cc US",
+                    "clientz"));
+
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate validity period is too long; it must be less than or equal to 398"
+                + " days.");
+    Optional<Registrar> registrar = Registrar.loadByClientId("clientz");
+    assertThat(registrar).isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_clientCertFileFlagWithMultipleViolations() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2055-10-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () ->
+                runCommandForced(
+                    "--name=blobio",
+                    "--password=some_password",
+                    "--registrar_type=REAL",
+                    "--iana_id=8",
+                    "--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT),
+                    "--passcode=01234",
+                    "--icann_referral_email=foo@bar.test",
+                    "--street=\"123 Fake St\"",
+                    "--city Fakington",
+                    "--state MA",
+                    "--zip 00351",
+                    "--cc US",
+                    "clientz"));
+
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate is expired.\nCertificate validity period is too long; it must be less"
+                + " than or equal to 398 days.");
+    Optional<Registrar> registrar = Registrar.loadByClientId("clientz");
+    assertThat(registrar).isEmpty();
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -400,12 +471,13 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
 
   @Test
   void testSuccess_failoverClientCertFileFlag() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
     runCommandForced(
         "--name=blobio",
         "--password=some_password",
         "--registrar_type=REAL",
         "--iana_id=8",
-        "--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(),
+        "--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT3),
         "--passcode=01234",
         "--icann_referral_email=foo@bar.test",
         "--street=\"123 Fake St\"",
@@ -420,8 +492,68 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
     Registrar registrar = registrarOptional.get();
     assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isNull();
     assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificateHash()).isNull();
-    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT);
-    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificateHash()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT_HASH);
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT3);
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificateHash()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT3_HASH);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_failoverClientCertFileFlagWithViolations() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () ->
+                runCommandForced(
+                    "--name=blobio",
+                    "--password=some_password",
+                    "--registrar_type=REAL",
+                    "--iana_id=8",
+                    "--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT),
+                    "--passcode=01234",
+                    "--icann_referral_email=foo@bar.test",
+                    "--street=\"123 Fake St\"",
+                    "--city Fakington",
+                    "--state MA",
+                    "--zip 00351",
+                    "--cc US",
+                    "clientz"));
+
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate validity period is too long; it must be less than or equal to 398"
+                + " days.");
+    Optional<Registrar> registrar = Registrar.loadByClientId("clientz");
+    assertThat(registrar).isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_failoverClientCertFileFlagWithMultipleViolations() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2055-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () ->
+                runCommandForced(
+                    "--name=blobio",
+                    "--password=some_password",
+                    "--registrar_type=REAL",
+                    "--iana_id=8",
+                    "--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT),
+                    "--passcode=01234",
+                    "--icann_referral_email=foo@bar.test",
+                    "--street=\"123 Fake St\"",
+                    "--city Fakington",
+                    "--state MA",
+                    "--zip 00351",
+                    "--cc US",
+                    "clientz"));
+
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate is expired.\nCertificate validity period is too long; it must be less"
+                + " than or equal to 398 days.");
+    Optional<Registrar> registrar = Registrar.loadByClientId("clientz");
+    assertThat(registrar).isEmpty();
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -1052,7 +1184,7 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
   @Test
   void testFailure_invalidCertFileContents() {
     assertThrows(
-        Exception.class,
+        CertificateException.class,
         () ->
             runCommandForced(
                 "--name=blobio",
@@ -1073,7 +1205,7 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
   @Test
   void testFailure_invalidFailoverCertFileContents() {
     assertThrows(
-        IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        CertificateException.class,
         () ->
             runCommandForced(
                 "--name=blobio",
@@ -1094,7 +1226,7 @@ class CreateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<CreateRegistrarCommand>
   @Test
   void testFailure_certHashAndCertFile() {
     assertThrows(
-        IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        CertificateException.class,
         () ->
             runCommandForced(
                 "--name=blobio",

core/src/test/java/google/registry/tools/UpdateRegistrarCommandTest.java

@@ -19,10 +19,13 @@ import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth8.assertThat;
 import static google.registry.persistence.transaction.TransactionManagerFactory.jpaTm;
 import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT;
+import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT3;
+import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT3_HASH;
 import static google.registry.testing.CertificateSamples.SAMPLE_CERT_HASH;
 import static google.registry.testing.DatastoreHelper.createTlds;
 import static google.registry.testing.DatastoreHelper.loadRegistrar;
 import static google.registry.testing.DatastoreHelper.persistResource;
+import static google.registry.util.DateTimeUtils.START_OF_TIME;
 import static org.joda.time.DateTimeZone.UTC;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 
@@ -30,20 +33,34 @@ import com.beust.jcommander.ParameterException;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedMap;
 import google.registry.model.registrar.Registrar;
 import google.registry.model.registrar.Registrar.State;
 import google.registry.model.registrar.Registrar.Type;
 import google.registry.persistence.VKey;
 import google.registry.testing.AppEngineExtension;
+import google.registry.util.CertificateChecker;
 import google.registry.util.CidrAddressBlock;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import org.joda.money.CurrencyUnit;
 import org.joda.time.DateTime;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link UpdateRegistrarCommand}. */
 class UpdateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<UpdateRegistrarCommand> {
 
+  @BeforeEach
+  void beforeEach() {
+    command.certificateChecker =
+        new CertificateChecker(
+            ImmutableSortedMap.of(START_OF_TIME, 825, DateTime.parse("2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"), 398),
+            30,
+            2048,
+            fakeClock);
+  }
+
   @Test
   void testSuccess_alsoUpdateInCloudSql() throws Exception {
     assertThat(loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar").verifyPassword("some_password")).isFalse();
@@ -232,15 +249,94 @@ class UpdateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<UpdateRegistrarCommand>
 
   @Test
   void testSuccess_certFile() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
     Registrar registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
     assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isNull();
     assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificateHash()).isNull();
-    runCommand("--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(), "--force", "NewRegistrar");
+    runCommand("--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT3), "--force", "NewRegistrar");
     registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
     // NB: Hash was computed manually using 'openssl x509 -fingerprint -sha256 -in ...' and then
     // converting the result from a hex string to non-padded base64 encoded string.
-    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT);
-    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificateHash()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT_HASH);
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT3);
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificateHash()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT3_HASH);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_certFileWithViolation() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    Registrar registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isNull();
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificateHash()).isNull();
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () -> runCommand("--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(), "--force", "NewRegistrar"));
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate validity period is too long; it must be less than or equal to 398"
+                + " days.");
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_certFileWithMultipleViolations() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2055-10-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    Registrar registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isNull();
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificateHash()).isNull();
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () -> runCommand("--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(), "--force", "NewRegistrar"));
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate is expired.\nCertificate validity period is too long; it must be less"
+                + " than or equal to 398 days.");
+    assertThat(registrar.getClientCertificate()).isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_failoverCertFileWithViolation() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    Registrar registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isNull();
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () ->
+                runCommand("--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(), "--force", "NewRegistrar"));
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate validity period is too long; it must be less than or equal to 398"
+                + " days.");
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testFail_failoverCertFileWithMultipleViolations() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2055-10-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    Registrar registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isNull();
+    CertificateException thrown =
+        assertThrows(
+            CertificateException.class,
+            () ->
+                runCommand("--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(), "--force", "NewRegistrar"));
+    assertThat(thrown.getMessage())
+        .isEqualTo(
+            "Certificate is expired.\nCertificate validity period is too long; it must be less"
+                + " than or equal to 398 days.");
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isNull();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testSuccess_failoverCertFile() throws Exception {
+    fakeClock.setTo(DateTime.parse("2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"));
+    Registrar registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isNull();
+    runCommand("--failover_cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT3), "--force", "NewRegistrar");
+    registrar = loadRegistrar("NewRegistrar");
+    assertThat(registrar.getFailoverClientCertificate()).isEqualTo(SAMPLE_CERT3);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -672,7 +768,7 @@ class UpdateRegistrarCommandTest extends CommandTestCase<UpdateRegistrarCommand>
         IllegalArgumentException.class,
         () ->
             runCommand(
-                "--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(),
+                "--cert_file=" + getCertFilename(SAMPLE_CERT3),
                 "--cert_hash=ABCDEF",
                 "--force",
                 "NewRegistrar"));

util/src/main/java/google/registry/util/CertificateChecker.java

@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ public class CertificateChecker {
    *   );
    * </pre>
    */
-  // TODO(sarahbot): Inject this.
   public CertificateChecker(
       ImmutableSortedMap<DateTime, Integer> maxValidityLengthSchedule,
       int daysToExpiration,