diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractDomainBaseSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractDomainBaseSubject.java
index cb60890a3..b96abc56a 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractDomainBaseSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractDomainBaseSubject.java
@@ -28,14 +28,17 @@ public abstract class AbstractDomainBaseSubject
     <T extends DomainBase, S extends AbstractDomainBaseSubject<T, S>>
     extends AbstractEppResourceSubject<T, S> {
 
+  private final T actual;
+
   public AbstractDomainBaseSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, T subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, subject);
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   public And<S> hasFullyQualifiedDomainName(String fullyQualifiedDomainName) {
     return hasValue(
         fullyQualifiedDomainName,
-        actual().getFullyQualifiedDomainName(),
+        actual.getFullyQualifiedDomainName(),
         "has fullyQualifiedDomainName");
   }
 
@@ -44,26 +47,23 @@ public abstract class AbstractDomainBaseSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> hasExactlyDsData(Set<DelegationSignerData> dsData) {
-    return hasValue(dsData, actual().getDsData(), "has dsData");
+    return hasValue(dsData, actual.getDsData(), "has dsData");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasNumDsData(int num) {
-    return hasValue(num, actual().getDsData().size(), "has num dsData");
+    return hasValue(num, actual.getDsData().size(), "has num dsData");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasLaunchNotice(LaunchNotice launchNotice) {
-    return hasValue(launchNotice, actual().getLaunchNotice(), "has launchNotice");
+    return hasValue(launchNotice, actual.getLaunchNotice(), "has launchNotice");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasAuthInfoPwd(String pw) {
-    AuthInfo authInfo = actual().getAuthInfo();
+    AuthInfo authInfo = actual.getAuthInfo();
     return hasValue(pw, authInfo == null ? null : authInfo.getPw().getValue(), "has auth info pw");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasCurrentSponsorClientId(String clientId) {
-    return hasValue(
-        clientId,
-        actual().getCurrentSponsorClientId(),
-        "has currentSponsorClientId");
+    return hasValue(clientId, actual.getCurrentSponsorClientId(), "has currentSponsorClientId");
   }
 }
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractEppResourceSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractEppResourceSubject.java
index def0e5bf8..66a6f8e8b 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractEppResourceSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/AbstractEppResourceSubject.java
@@ -40,12 +40,15 @@ import org.joda.time.DateTime;
 abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
     <T extends EppResource, S extends AbstractEppResourceSubject<T, S>> extends Subject<S, T> {
 
+  private final T actual;
+
   public AbstractEppResourceSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, T subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, checkNotNull(subject));
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   private List<HistoryEntry> getHistoryEntries() {
-    return DatastoreHelper.getHistoryEntries(actual());
+    return DatastoreHelper.getHistoryEntries(actual);
   }
 
   @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@@ -56,17 +59,16 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   @Override
   protected String actualCustomStringRepresentation() {
     return String.format(
-        "%s with foreign key '%s'",
-        actual().getClass().getSimpleName(),
-        actual().getForeignKey());
+        "%s with foreign key '%s'", actual.getClass().getSimpleName(), actual.getForeignKey());
   }
 
   @Override
   public void isEqualTo(@Nullable Object other) {
     // If the objects differ and we can show an interesting ImmutableObject diff, do so.
-    if (actual() != null && other instanceof ImmutableObject && !actual().equals(other)) {
-      String diffText = prettyPrintEntityDeepDiff(
-          ((ImmutableObject) other).toDiffableFieldMap(), actual().toDiffableFieldMap());
+    if (actual != null && other instanceof ImmutableObject && !actual.equals(other)) {
+      String diffText =
+          prettyPrintEntityDeepDiff(
+              ((ImmutableObject) other).toDiffableFieldMap(), actual.toDiffableFieldMap());
       fail(String.format("is equal to %s\n\nIt differs as follows:\n%s", other, diffText));
     }
     // Otherwise, fall back to regular behavior.
@@ -74,7 +76,7 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> hasRepoId(long roid) {
-    return hasValue(roid, actual().getRepoId(), "has repoId");
+    return hasValue(roid, actual.getRepoId(), "has repoId");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasNoHistoryEntries() {
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> hasNumHistoryEntriesOfType(HistoryEntry.Type type, int num) {
-    List<HistoryEntry> entries = getHistoryEntriesOfType(actual(), type);
+    List<HistoryEntry> entries = getHistoryEntriesOfType(actual, type);
     if (entries.size() != num) {
       failWithBadResults(
           String.format("has this number of history entries of type %s", type.toString()),
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> hasStatusValue(StatusValue statusValue) {
-    if (!actual().getStatusValues().contains(statusValue)) {
+    if (!actual.getStatusValues().contains(statusValue)) {
       failWithoutActual(
           simpleFact(
               lenientFormat("%s should have had status value %s", actualAsString(), statusValue)));
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> doesNotHaveStatusValue(StatusValue statusValue) {
-    if (actual().getStatusValues().contains(statusValue)) {
+    if (actual.getStatusValues().contains(statusValue)) {
       failWithoutActual(
           simpleFact(
               lenientFormat(
@@ -155,31 +157,24 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> hasExactlyStatusValues(StatusValue... statusValues) {
-    if (!ImmutableSet.copyOf(actual().getStatusValues())
-        .equals(ImmutableSet.copyOf(statusValues))) {
+    if (!ImmutableSet.copyOf(actual.getStatusValues()).equals(ImmutableSet.copyOf(statusValues))) {
       check("getStatusValues()")
-          .that(actual().getStatusValues())
+          .that(actual.getStatusValues())
           .containsExactly((Object[]) statusValues);
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<S> hasDeletionTime(DateTime deletionTime) {
-    return hasValue(
-        deletionTime,
-        actual().getDeletionTime(),
-        "has deletionTime");
+    return hasValue(deletionTime, actual.getDeletionTime(), "has deletionTime");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasLastEppUpdateTime(DateTime lastUpdateTime) {
-    return hasValue(
-        lastUpdateTime,
-        actual().getLastEppUpdateTime(),
-        "has lastEppUpdateTime");
+    return hasValue(lastUpdateTime, actual.getLastEppUpdateTime(), "has lastEppUpdateTime");
   }
 
   public And<S> hasLastEppUpdateTimeAtLeast(DateTime before) {
-    DateTime lastEppUpdateTime = actual().getLastEppUpdateTime();
+    DateTime lastEppUpdateTime = actual.getLastEppUpdateTime();
     if (lastEppUpdateTime == null || before.isAfter(lastEppUpdateTime)) {
       failWithBadResults("has lastEppUpdateTime at least", before, lastEppUpdateTime);
     }
@@ -187,29 +182,26 @@ abstract class AbstractEppResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<S> hasLastEppUpdateClientId(String clientId) {
-    return hasValue(
-        clientId,
-        actual().getLastEppUpdateClientId(),
-        "has lastEppUpdateClientId");
+    return hasValue(clientId, actual.getLastEppUpdateClientId(), "has lastEppUpdateClientId");
   }
 
 
   public And<S> hasPersistedCurrentSponsorClientId(String clientId) {
     return hasValue(
         clientId,
-        actual().getPersistedCurrentSponsorClientId(),
+        actual.getPersistedCurrentSponsorClientId(),
         "has persisted currentSponsorClientId");
   }
 
   public And<S> isActiveAt(DateTime time) {
-    if (!isActive(actual(), time)) {
+    if (!isActive(actual, time)) {
       fail("is active at " + time);
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<S> isNotActiveAt(DateTime time) {
-    if (isActive(actual(), time)) {
+    if (isActive(actual, time)) {
       fail("is not active at " + time);
     }
     return andChainer();
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/ContactResourceSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/ContactResourceSubject.java
index d37a253c7..1071bcc8e 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/ContactResourceSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/ContactResourceSubject.java
@@ -30,23 +30,26 @@ import org.joda.time.DateTime;
 public final class ContactResourceSubject
     extends AbstractEppResourceSubject<ContactResource, ContactResourceSubject> {
 
+  private final ContactResource actual;
+
   public ContactResourceSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, ContactResource subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, checkNotNull(subject));
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasLocalizedPostalInfo(PostalInfo postalInfo) {
-    return hasValue(postalInfo, actual().getLocalizedPostalInfo(), "has localizedPostalInfo");
+    return hasValue(postalInfo, actual.getLocalizedPostalInfo(), "has localizedPostalInfo");
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNullLocalizedPostalInfo() {
-    if (actual().getLocalizedPostalInfo() != null) {
+    if (actual.getLocalizedPostalInfo() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have null localized postal info"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNonNullLocalizedPostalInfo() {
-    if (actual().getLocalizedPostalInfo() == null) {
+    if (actual.getLocalizedPostalInfo() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have non-null localized postal info"));
     }
     return andChainer();
@@ -55,13 +58,11 @@ public final class ContactResourceSubject
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasInternationalizedPostalInfo(
       PostalInfo postalInfo) {
     return hasValue(
-        postalInfo,
-        actual().getInternationalizedPostalInfo(),
-        "has internationalizedPostalInfo");
+        postalInfo, actual.getInternationalizedPostalInfo(), "has internationalizedPostalInfo");
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNullInternationalizedPostalInfo() {
-    if (actual().getInternationalizedPostalInfo() != null) {
+    if (actual.getInternationalizedPostalInfo() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have null internationalized postal info"));
     }
     return andChainer();
@@ -69,78 +70,69 @@ public final class ContactResourceSubject
 
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNonNullInternationalizedPostalInfo() {
-    if (actual().getInternationalizedPostalInfo() == null) {
+    if (actual.getInternationalizedPostalInfo() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have non-null internationalized postal info"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNullEmailAddress() {
-    if (actual().getEmailAddress() != null) {
+    if (actual.getEmailAddress() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have null email address"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNonNullEmailAddress() {
-    if (actual().getEmailAddress() == null) {
+    if (actual.getEmailAddress() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have non-null email address"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNullVoiceNumber() {
-    if (actual().getVoiceNumber() != null) {
+    if (actual.getVoiceNumber() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have null voice number"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNonNullVoiceNumber() {
-    if (actual().getVoiceNumber() == null) {
+    if (actual.getVoiceNumber() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have non-null voice number"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNullFaxNumber() {
-    if (actual().getFaxNumber() != null) {
+    if (actual.getFaxNumber() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have null fax number"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasNonNullFaxNumber() {
-    if (actual().getFaxNumber() == null) {
+    if (actual.getFaxNumber() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have non-null fax number"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasAuthInfoPwd(String pw) {
-    AuthInfo authInfo = actual().getAuthInfo();
+    AuthInfo authInfo = actual.getAuthInfo();
     return hasValue(pw, authInfo == null ? null : authInfo.getPw().getValue(), "has auth info pw");
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasLastTransferTime(DateTime lastTransferTime) {
-    return hasValue(
-        lastTransferTime,
-        actual().getLastTransferTime(),
-        "has lastTransferTime");
+    return hasValue(lastTransferTime, actual.getLastTransferTime(), "has lastTransferTime");
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasLastTransferTimeNotEqualTo(DateTime lastTransferTime) {
-    return doesNotHaveValue(
-        lastTransferTime,
-        actual().getLastTransferTime(),
-        "lastTransferTime");
+    return doesNotHaveValue(lastTransferTime, actual.getLastTransferTime(), "lastTransferTime");
   }
 
   public And<ContactResourceSubject> hasCurrentSponsorClientId(String clientId) {
-    return hasValue(
-        clientId,
-        actual().getCurrentSponsorClientId(),
-        "has currentSponsorClientId");
+    return hasValue(clientId, actual.getCurrentSponsorClientId(), "has currentSponsorClientId");
   }
 
   public static SimpleSubjectBuilder<ContactResourceSubject, ContactResource>
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/DomainBaseSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/DomainBaseSubject.java
index 36972ad4b..65da1470c 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/DomainBaseSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/DomainBaseSubject.java
@@ -30,49 +30,44 @@ public final class DomainBaseSubject
     extends AbstractDomainBaseSubject<DomainBase, DomainBaseSubject> {
 
   public And<DomainBaseSubject> hasRegistrationExpirationTime(DateTime expiration) {
-    if (!Objects.equals(actual().getRegistrationExpirationTime(), expiration)) {
+    if (!Objects.equals(actual.getRegistrationExpirationTime(), expiration)) {
       failWithBadResults(
-          "has registrationExpirationTime",
-          expiration,
-          actual().getRegistrationExpirationTime());
+          "has registrationExpirationTime", expiration, actual.getRegistrationExpirationTime());
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<DomainBaseSubject> hasLastTransferTime(DateTime lastTransferTime) {
-    return hasValue(
-        lastTransferTime,
-        actual().getLastTransferTime(),
-        "has lastTransferTime");
+    return hasValue(lastTransferTime, actual.getLastTransferTime(), "has lastTransferTime");
   }
 
   public And<DomainBaseSubject> hasLastTransferTimeNotEqualTo(DateTime lastTransferTime) {
-    return doesNotHaveValue(
-        lastTransferTime,
-        actual().getLastTransferTime(),
-        "lastTransferTime");
+    return doesNotHaveValue(lastTransferTime, actual.getLastTransferTime(), "lastTransferTime");
   }
 
   public And<DomainBaseSubject> hasDeletePollMessage() {
-    if (actual().getDeletePollMessage() == null) {
+    if (actual.getDeletePollMessage() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have a delete poll message"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<DomainBaseSubject> hasNoDeletePollMessage() {
-    if (actual().getDeletePollMessage() != null) {
+    if (actual.getDeletePollMessage() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have no delete poll message"));
     }
     return andChainer();
   }
 
   public And<DomainBaseSubject> hasSmdId(String smdId) {
-    return hasValue(smdId, actual().getSmdId(), "has smdId");
+    return hasValue(smdId, actual.getSmdId(), "has smdId");
   }
 
+  private final DomainBase actual;
+
   public DomainBaseSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, DomainBase subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, checkNotNull(subject));
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   public static SimpleSubjectBuilder<DomainBaseSubject, DomainBase> assertAboutDomains() {
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppExceptionSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppExceptionSubject.java
index ab047b9a2..584db2f8a 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppExceptionSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppExceptionSubject.java
@@ -32,17 +32,20 @@ import google.registry.xml.XmlException;
 /** Utility methods for asserting things about {@link EppException} instances. */
 public class EppExceptionSubject extends Subject<EppExceptionSubject, EppException> {
 
+  private final EppException actual;
+
   public EppExceptionSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, EppException subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, subject);
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   public And<EppExceptionSubject> hasMessage(String expected) {
-    assertThat(actual()).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo(expected);
+    assertThat(actual).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo(expected);
     return new And<>(this);
   }
 
   public And<EppExceptionSubject> hasMessageThatContains(String expected) {
-    assertThat(actual()).hasMessageThat().contains(expected);
+    assertThat(actual).hasMessageThat().contains(expected);
     return new And<>(this);
   }
 
@@ -50,10 +53,11 @@ public class EppExceptionSubject extends Subject<EppExceptionSubject, EppExcepti
     // Attempt to marshal the exception to EPP. If it doesn't work, this will throw.
     try {
       marshal(
-          EppOutput.create(new EppResponse.Builder()
-              .setTrid(Trid.create(null, "server-trid"))
-              .setResult(actual().getResult())
-              .build()),
+          EppOutput.create(
+              new EppResponse.Builder()
+                  .setTrid(Trid.create(null, "server-trid"))
+                  .setResult(actual.getResult())
+                  .build()),
           ValidationMode.STRICT);
     } catch (XmlException e) {
       fail("fails to marshal to XML: " + e.getMessage());
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppMetricSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppMetricSubject.java
index 57f88ffc0..204c369f4 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppMetricSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/EppMetricSubject.java
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ import java.util.Optional;
 /** Utility methods for asserting things about {@link EppMetric} instances. */
 public class EppMetricSubject extends Subject<EppMetricSubject, EppMetric> {
 
+  private final EppMetric actual;
+
   public EppMetricSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, EppMetric subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, subject);
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   public static EppMetricSubject assertThat(EppMetric subject) {
@@ -38,30 +41,30 @@ public class EppMetricSubject extends Subject<EppMetricSubject, EppMetric> {
   }
 
   public And<EppMetricSubject> hasClientId(String clientId) {
-    return hasValue(clientId, actual().getClientId(), "has clientId");
+    return hasValue(clientId, actual.getClientId(), "has clientId");
   }
 
   public And<EppMetricSubject> hasCommandName(String commandName) {
-    return hasValue(commandName, actual().getCommandName(), "has commandName");
+    return hasValue(commandName, actual.getCommandName(), "has commandName");
   }
 
   public And<EppMetricSubject> hasStatus(Code status) {
-    return hasValue(status, actual().getStatus(), "has status");
+    return hasValue(status, actual.getStatus(), "has status");
   }
 
   public And<EppMetricSubject> hasNoStatus() {
-    if (actual().getStatus().isPresent()) {
+    if (actual.getStatus().isPresent()) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have no status"));
     }
     return new And<>(this);
   }
 
   public And<EppMetricSubject> hasTld(String tld) {
-    return hasValue(tld, actual().getTld(), "has tld");
+    return hasValue(tld, actual.getTld(), "has tld");
   }
 
   public And<EppMetricSubject> hasNoTld() {
-    if (actual().getTld().isPresent()) {
+    if (actual.getTld().isPresent()) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have no tld"));
     }
     return new And<>(this);
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/HistoryEntrySubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/HistoryEntrySubject.java
index 0ceec76e3..debfb1757 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/HistoryEntrySubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/HistoryEntrySubject.java
@@ -30,15 +30,17 @@ import org.joda.time.DateTime;
 /** Utility methods for asserting things about {@link HistoryEntry} instances. */
 public class HistoryEntrySubject extends Subject<HistoryEntrySubject, HistoryEntry> {
 
+  private final HistoryEntry actual;
   private String customDisplaySubject;
 
   public HistoryEntrySubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, HistoryEntry subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, subject);
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected String actualCustomStringRepresentation() {
-    return Optional.ofNullable(customDisplaySubject).orElse(String.valueOf(actual()));
+    return Optional.ofNullable(customDisplaySubject).orElse(String.valueOf(actual));
   }
 
   public HistoryEntrySubject withCustomDisplaySubject(String customDisplaySubject) {
@@ -47,52 +49,54 @@ public class HistoryEntrySubject extends Subject<HistoryEntrySubject, HistoryEnt
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasType(HistoryEntry.Type type) {
-    return hasValue(type, actual().getType(), "has type");
+    return hasValue(type, actual.getType(), "has type");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasClientId(String clientId) {
-    return hasValue(clientId, actual().getClientId(), "has client ID");
+    return hasValue(clientId, actual.getClientId(), "has client ID");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasOtherClientId(String otherClientId) {
-    return hasValue(otherClientId, actual().getOtherClientId(), "has other client ID");
+    return hasValue(otherClientId, actual.getOtherClientId(), "has other client ID");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasModificationTime(DateTime modificationTime) {
-    return hasValue(modificationTime, actual().getModificationTime(), "has modification time");
+    return hasValue(modificationTime, actual.getModificationTime(), "has modification time");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> bySuperuser(boolean superuser) {
-    return hasValue(superuser, actual().getBySuperuser(), "has modification time");
+    return hasValue(superuser, actual.getBySuperuser(), "has modification time");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasPeriod() {
-    if (actual().getPeriod() == null) {
+    if (actual.getPeriod() == null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have a period"));
     }
     return new And<>(this);
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasPeriodYears(int years) {
-    return hasPeriod().and()
-        .hasValue(Period.Unit.YEARS, actual().getPeriod().getUnit(), "has period in").and()
-        .hasValue(years, actual().getPeriod().getValue(), "has period length");
+    return hasPeriod()
+        .and()
+        .hasValue(Period.Unit.YEARS, actual.getPeriod().getUnit(), "has period in")
+        .and()
+        .hasValue(years, actual.getPeriod().getValue(), "has period length");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasNoXml() {
-    if (actual().getXmlBytes() != null) {
+    if (actual.getXmlBytes() != null) {
       failWithActual(simpleFact("expected to have no xml"));
     }
     return new And<>(this);
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasMetadataReason(String reason) {
-    return hasValue(reason, actual().getReason(), "has metadata reason");
+    return hasValue(reason, actual.getReason(), "has metadata reason");
   }
 
   public And<HistoryEntrySubject> hasMetadataRequestedByRegistrar(
         boolean requestedByRegistrar) {
-    if (actual().getRequestedByRegistrar() != requestedByRegistrar) {
+    if (actual.getRequestedByRegistrar() != requestedByRegistrar) {
       failWithActual(
           "expected to have metadata requestedByRegistrar with value", requestedByRegistrar);
     }
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/HostResourceSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/HostResourceSubject.java
index 525f41530..5fae683e7 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/HostResourceSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/HostResourceSubject.java
@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ import org.joda.time.DateTime;
 public final class HostResourceSubject
     extends AbstractEppResourceSubject<HostResource, HostResourceSubject> {
 
+  private final HostResource actual;
+
   public HostResourceSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, HostResource subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, checkNotNull(subject));
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   public static SimpleSubjectBuilder<HostResourceSubject, HostResource> assertAboutHosts() {
@@ -38,30 +41,22 @@ public final class HostResourceSubject
   }
 
   public And<HostResourceSubject> hasLastTransferTime(DateTime lastTransferTime) {
-    return hasValue(
-        lastTransferTime,
-        actual().getLastTransferTime(),
-        "has lastTransferTime");
+    return hasValue(lastTransferTime, actual.getLastTransferTime(), "has lastTransferTime");
   }
 
   public And<HostResourceSubject> hasLastTransferTimeNotEqualTo(DateTime lastTransferTime) {
-    return doesNotHaveValue(
-        lastTransferTime,
-        actual().getLastTransferTime(),
-        "lastTransferTime");
+    return doesNotHaveValue(lastTransferTime, actual.getLastTransferTime(), "lastTransferTime");
   }
 
   public And<HostResourceSubject> hasLastSuperordinateChange(DateTime lastSuperordinateChange) {
     return hasValue(
         lastSuperordinateChange,
-        actual().getLastSuperordinateChange(),
+        actual.getLastSuperordinateChange(),
         "has lastSuperordinateChange");
   }
 
   public And<HostResourceSubject> hasSuperordinateDomain(Key<DomainBase> superordinateDomain) {
     return hasValue(
-        superordinateDomain,
-        actual().getSuperordinateDomain(),
-        "has superordinateDomain");
+        superordinateDomain, actual.getSuperordinateDomain(), "has superordinateDomain");
   }
 }
diff --git a/javatests/google/registry/testing/LogsSubject.java b/javatests/google/registry/testing/LogsSubject.java
index 9ae5c2c76..c6956bec1 100644
--- a/javatests/google/registry/testing/LogsSubject.java
+++ b/javatests/google/registry/testing/LogsSubject.java
@@ -33,8 +33,11 @@ import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
 /** Utility methods for asserting things about logging {@link Handler} instances. */
 public class LogsSubject extends Subject<LogsSubject, TestLogHandler> {
 
+  private final TestLogHandler actual;
+
   public LogsSubject(FailureMetadata failureMetadata, TestLogHandler subject) {
     super(failureMetadata, subject);
+    this.actual = subject;
   }
 
   private static final Correspondence<String, String> CONTAINS_CORRESPONDENCE =
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ public class LogsSubject extends Subject<LogsSubject, TestLogHandler> {
 
   private List<String> getMessagesAtLevel(Level level) {
     ImmutableList.Builder<String> builder = new ImmutableList.Builder<>();
-    for (LogRecord log : actual().getStoredLogRecords()) {
+    for (LogRecord log : actual.getStoredLogRecords()) {
       if (log.getLevel().equals(level)) {
         builder.add(log.getMessage());
       }